1. Vitamins and Minerals

2. Minerals What are minerals?
Inorganic substances that animals need in small amounts
Minerals contain no carbon

3. What are some functions of minerals?
1. Provide material for growth of:
Bones, Teeth, and Tissue
2. Help with muscular activities
3. Reproduction
4. Digestion of feed

4. Minerals are divided into 2 groups, what are they?
Major (macro) Minerals
Trace (micro) Minerals

5. Minerals- Major Needed in large amounts 7 Macro Minerals Calcium
Phosphorus
Sodium
Chlorine
Potassium
Sulfur
Magnesium

6. What are the most common major minerals animal rations lack?
Minerals- Major
What are the most common major minerals animal rations lack?
Sodium
Calcium
Phosphorous

7. Minerals- Major Sodium Functions: Deficiencies:
Maintain osmotic pressure in cells
Muscle and nerve activity
Deficiencies:
Reduced appetite
Rough hair coat
Cannibalism in chickens
Dirt eating

8. Minerals- Major Calcium Functions: Deficiencies: Bone development
Nerve and muscle function
Deficiencies:
Rickets- in young animals bones are soft, bend easily, and are malformed

9. Minerals- Major Phosphorus Functions: Deficiencies:
Bone and Teeth Development
Appetite
Deficiencies:
Rickets
Stiffness in joints
Loss of appetite

10. Minerals- Trace Needed in small amounts Sulfur Magnesium Iron Iodine
Copper
Cobalt
Zinc
Manganese
Boron
Molybdenum
Fluorine
Selenium

11. Mineral Review What are minerals? What are minerals important?
What are 3 major minerals that animal feeds commonly lack? Name one deficiency of each.
What is the difference between major minerals and trace minerals.

12. 5 Basic Classes of Nutrients
Water
Energy Nutrients
Proteins
Minerals
Vitamins

13. Vitamins What are vitamins?
Trace organic compounds needed in small amounts by animals
Needed for development of normal tissues and for health, growth and maintenance

14. Vitamins are divided into 2 groups, what are they?
Fat-Soluble Vitamins (A,D,E,K)
Dissolved in fat
Water-Soluble Vitamins (C, B-Complex)
Dissolved in water

15. Vitamin A Function: Deficiencies: Vision Conception Rates
Disease Resistance
Deficiencies:
Night Blindness
Blindness in calves
Reproductive problems

16. Vitamin D Function: Deficiencies: Bone Development Growth
Rickets (young animals)
Osteomalacia (older animals)

17. Vitamin E Function: Deficiencies: Reproduction Muscle Development
E and Selenium together help immune system
Deficiencies:
Reproduction failure
Muscular dystrophy

18. Vitamin K Function: Deficiencies: Blood Clotting
Blood doesn’t clot fast

19. What are some sources of Vitamin A,D,E,K?
Vitamins
What are some sources of Vitamin A,D,E,K?
Green Leafy Hay
Yellow Corn
Cod Liver
Fish Oils

20. Vitamin C
Function:
Formation of teeth and bones
Prevents infections

21. B- Complex
Function:
Appetite
Growth
Reproduction

22. What are some sources of water-soluble vitamins?
Green Pastures and Hay
Cereal Grains
Milk

23. Vitamin Review What are vitamins and why are they needed?
List the fat-soluble vitamins and their functions as well as deficiencies.
What are the sources of fat-soluble vitamins?
What is the function of Vitamin C?
What the sources of the water-soluble vitamins?