1. Nations, Nation-States, and Internationalism
Chapter 9: Does involvement in international affairs benefit nations and nation-states?

2. Key Terms: Needs Wants Isolationism Unilateralism Multilateralism
Supranationalism
Internationalism

3. Common motives
Psychologists believe that people’s behaviour is motivated by
Needs:
Things that people need to survive
Basic elements – food, shelter, water, health
Wants:
Things that people desire. Wants are not necessary to survive
The things that people desire
Cars, television, etc.

4. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

5. Needs and Motives of Successful Nation-States
The behavior of nations and nation- states is motivated by the collective needs and wants of the country’s people.
The actions of responsible government serve the national interest.

6. Some Understandings of Internationalism
Everyone in the global community is collectively responsible for meeting the challenges that face the world—and working cooperatively to solve problems is most important (value of the collective/true internationalism)
My nation must be economically stable, secure, secure, etc. before I am able to help others (national interest comes first, but open to helping others)
Some Understandings of Internationalism
My nation is most important and other nations must help themselves (isolationist)
An internationalist approach could help my own national interest (helping others will help my nation—trade, resources, security, etc.)

7. Motives of Successful Nations and Nation-States
Economic stability
Peace and security
Self-determination
Humanitarian activities

8. 1. Economic Stability Countries seek to be economically stable:
Ensure citizens have jobs
Encourage the learning of trades and other education
Nations’ economic stability depend on
High employment rates => when people have money they have money to spend (DEMAND) on goods and services. Demand means that employers are more likely to hire to provide SUPPLY.

9. Economic Stability
Nations and nation-states serve their national interests by seeking ways to achieve economic stability.
For example- A national government might decide to provide more money for training apprentices in skilled trades. By creating a more skilled workforce, the government will attract more industries to the country, which will generate more job opportunities.
National government might also develop trade policies that support exports. Strong exports help keep employment levels high.

11. 2. Peace and Security
People who feel safe and secure are more likely to work, go to school, etc.  which means economic prosperity.
People who do not feel safe will more likely oppose government and authorities. (ex. Oklahoma City bombing)
Constitutions guarantee the rights and security of citizens. Countries without a constitution cannot guarantee any rights or security of its people.
Wars damage people and infrastructure – creating devastating setbacks to the peace and security of nations.
Canada promotes international security by belonging to NATO, NORAD, and the United Nations.

12. 3. Self-Determination
Nations and nation-states are strongly motivated to control their own affairs. They may do this by seeking sovereignty
Sovereignty – political authority to control one’s affairs
In the 1800s many Canadians wanted to determine their own future & become independent of Britain
Other nations decide their interests can be served best if they are part of a larger nation-state
Canadian example: Aboriginal peoples are seeking a higher level of self-determination
Since the creation of Nunavut in 1999, Inuit peoples in Canada have controlled many aspects of their destiny in Canada- land resources, education & government

13. 4. Humanitarianism
Taking action to relieve suffering and to protect the innocent, and supporting the dignity and well-being of all people
Humanitarianism can be:
Response to assisting countries in response to natural or man made disasters.
Feeding starving people
Accepting refugees
Each year the Canadian government accepts more that 7000 refugees.

14. How do the Motives of Nations Shape their Responses to the World?
Isolationism
Unilateralism
Bilateralism
Multilateralism
Supranationalism

15. Isolationism
A country completely opts out of participating in international affairs
Japan until 1853
Switzerland – not completely isolationist
USA at the beginning of both WWI and WWII

16. Unilateralism When a country acts on its own.
This can be an aggressive policy like Japan’s invasion of China.
This can also be a benign policy like Sweden not becoming a member of NATO despite both its neighbors Norway and Denmark joining

17. Bilateralism
When two countries take action together.

18. Multilateralism Several countries working together on a given issue.
Kyoto Accord
United Nations
NATO’s invasion of Iraq

19. Supranationalism
When a country agrees to abide by the decisions of an international organization

20. What are Some Understandings of Internationalism?
Internationalism: The doctrine that all members of the global community accept collective responsibility for the challenges that Face the world

21. Example#1. World Health Organization (WHO)
Coordinates information about diseases (ie influenza etc.)
Greatest Triumph – eradication of small pox

22. Example #2: Right to Play
Non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to ensuring that children everywhere enjoy the same human rights as those in wealthier countries.

23. Example #3: Arctic Council
Formed in 1996 and includes: Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the USA
Promotes sustainable development and environmental protection of the Arctic region.

24. How does Internationalism Benefit Nations?

25. How does Internationalism Benefit Nations?
Peace and Security:
United Nations has prevented many conflicts
Economic Stability:
Closer economic ties between and among nations often improves conditions for both/all nations.
Self-determination:
Living conditions have improved and moves have been made to compensate for past mistakes.
Humanitarianism:
Major disaster summon assistance from other nations.