1. US Foreign Policy
Ch 19

2. US Foreign policy has historically been characterized by
Isolationism
Unilateralism
Moralism
Pragmatism
Sometimes these conflict with one another
Which of the following historical examples illustrate these?

3. Goals in FP Trade: promoting and/or regulating
Defense: National Security
Promoting US interests (other than the two above?)
Promoting good relations? Cultural exchanges?

4. History overview 1783: US a fledgling country
Early 1800s: US asserts itself
Monroe Doctrine
Mid 1800s: Manifest Destiny and Expansion
War with Mexico
Oregon Treaty 1846

5. 1900s: US becomes a world power
Imperialism: define
Spanish-American war and follow-up war in the Philippines
Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine
Panama Canal

6. US becomes a world power
World War I
US stays out
Joins 1917: why?
Ends Nov, 1918
Versailles Treaty
Wilson hopes for collective security through League of Nations
1930s: trend toward isolationism
World War II
Causes
What countries are on what side?

7. Post WWII Internationalism and Multilateralism (?)
United Nations:
Purposes
Structures
General Assembly
Secretary General
Security Council:
Who has power in it?

8. Internationalism and Multilateralism
UN Structures
Economic and Social Council
International Court of Justice
Others
US Ambassador to UN: Susan Rice
UN Security Council
Limitations of UN
IMF:
World Bank:

9. Cold War Impedes international cooperation of UN Define Cold War:
US and allies vs. USSR and allies
Ideological rivalry
Communism vs. Democracy and capitalism
No direct war
Lots of proxy wars
Competition for influence and dominance around the world
Arms race
Space race

10. Cold War terms and policies
Containment
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
NATO and Warsaw Pact
Fighting the Cold War is the backbone of US Foreign Policy

12. Cold War Nuclear Deterrence and MAD Vietnam War: Causes
Détente (Pragmatism)
Human Rights as a foreign policy goal (Moralism)
UN Human Rights Declaration

13. End of Cold War Reagan: amped up Cold War Mikhail Gorbachev
provided military aid
Arms build up: “peace through strength”
Soviet Union was “evil empire”
Mikhail Gorbachev
Social and economic problems in USSR and Eastern Bloc
HUGE Reforms:
glasnost
perestroika
noninterference in allies’ reforms

14. End of Cold War Reagan and Gorby: disarmament meetings
People power in Eastern European countries: communism ends
Soviet Union also collapses
End of cold war: now what?
New goals needed

15. New Goals? Moralism, Pragmatism, Isolationism, Unilateralism: still?
Internationalism/Multilateralism
Combating terrorism
Environment
Human Rights
Nukes: Which countries have them?
NPT
International Criminal Court:

16. Who makes foreign policy?
Checks and balances in duties of branches of gov’t
Industry
Media
Public

17. The Executive Branch and Foreign Policy Making
The President
Preeminent in foreign policy and military policy
Access to and control of information
Commander in Chief of the military
Departments of State:
Foreign policy negotiations
Embassies
Economic Development

18. Executive Branch Department of Defense: http://www.defense.gov/
Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines
Joint Chiefs
CIA: collects and analyzes information and intelligence about foreign countries and events
National Security Council
Advises the president

19. Executive Branch Agencies
Department of Homeland Security
Cabinet department created after the 9/11 attacks for domestic U.S. security
Who’s head?

20. Congress’s role in FP Oversight Appointments: hearings
Appropriations: $$
Treaties
Declaration of war
Pass laws dealing with Foreign Policy

21. War Powers Act Passed by Congress in 1973
The president can deploy troops but Congress has to approve for longer
If Congress does not, troops are limited to 60 days (which can be extended for an extra thirty days to permit withdrawal)

22. The Military Industrial Complex
The relationship U.S. armed forces and defense industries and government
Military and defense industry officials work closely with legislators
Economic clout
Access to technical expertise and political information
Personal and professional relationships are close

23. The News Media
Key participants in foreign and military policy formulation and implementation
Roles:
Reporting and investigation
Agenda setting
Influencing public opinion

24. The Public Public opinion on issues often divides into:
Militarism/nonmilitarism
Isolationism/internationalism
Generally more interested in domestic rather than foreign affairs
Public influences FP through
Elections
Widespread resistance or protests
Polls
Work in nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International

25. Middle East map

26. Middle East World War I impacts World War II impacts Cold War impacts
Britain and France in the region
World War II impacts
Israel
Cold War impacts
Conflicts seen through “cold war glasses”
Iran’s Shah is overthrown
Islamic revolution
Americans taken hostage

27. Middle East
Carter Doctrine: US will keep Persian Gulf open; declared a US interest
Iran-Iraq war
US tries to find a friend in the region: Saddam Hussein
Gulf War, 1991
Reasons Iraq took over Kuwait
Results

28. Afghanistan
The Soviet Union’s “Vietnam”
Results
map:

29. 9/11 What were the motives behind the attacks? Who was responsible?
Why did the US go to war with Afghanistan afterwards?

30. War in Iraq
Reasons for war? How have they changed as the war has gone on?
US attempted to get UN Security Council’s OK
Congressional vote to allow the use of force
US attacks in March, 2003
Bush Doctrine: preemptive strike
Questions:
How many US troops are in Iraq?
What is Obama’s policy?
How many Americans have been killed?
How many Iraqis?
What are the ethnic/religious/political divisions in Iraq?
What happened at Abu Ghraib (2004)?

31. More coming on
Afghanistan
Iran
Iraq
China
Pakistan
Israel

32. Read NY Times topics pages on
China
Russia
North Korea
Iran
Iraq
Pakistan
Afghanistan
Al Qaeda
Taliban
Yemen
Israel
Palestinians