1. Nouns
1. Kinds 2. Qualities

2. Proper nouns are capitalized
Kinds of Nouns:
Persons
Places
Things
Ideas
teacher
restaurant
state
religion
Nouns can be common
Ms. Dixon
Pizza Hut
Virginia
Christianity
Nouns can be proper
They name:
Proper nouns are capitalized

3. Concrete nouns are nouns you can touch.
Abstract nouns are nouns that express a quality or condition. It can not be touched
Man
Night
Concrete Noun
Abstract Noun
Nouns can be concrete.
Nouns can be abstract.

4. Collective Nouns:
A Troop of monkeys
A collective noun names a group of persons, animals, or things but are considered a single unit.
Collective nouns usually get a singular verb.

5. Nouns have three qualities:
Qualities of Nouns
Nouns have three qualities:
1. Number
2. Gender
3. Case

6. Qualities of Nouns: Number
Number shows whether a noun refers to one person or thing (singular number) or more than one (plural number).
Rose (singular)
Roses (plural)

7. There are ten rules for forming the plural of nouns
Plural Noun Rules

8. Rule #1 Teachers Boys Students
Plural nouns are usually formed by simply adding “s” to the singular noun.
Students

9. Rule # 2 Nouns ending in s z x sh or Ch are made plural by adding –es
Sh/Ch
Buzz
Buzzes
Quiz
Quizzes
Whiz
Whizzes
Fizz
Fizzes
Dish
Dishes
Wish
Wishes
Bush
Bushes
Church
Churches X S
Box
Boxes
Fox
Foxes
Tax
Taxes
Fix
Fixes
wish = wishes
class = classes
Dress
Dresses
Class
Classes
Plus
Pluses
Kiss
Kisses

10. Rule #3 Most nouns that end in y Form the plural by changing the y to I and adding es
Sky
Skies
Theory
Theories
Puppy
Puppies
Injury
Injuries
Cherry
Cherries
Family
Families
Lady
Ladies
Beauty
Beauties

11. Exception to Rule #3 Keys Days Chimneys Turkeys
Nouns ending in Y preceded by a vowel form the plural by adding S to the singular

12. Many nouns that end in f or fe form the plural by changing the f to fe to v and adding es.
Gulfs does not get a “V”
Rule # 4
Half
Halves
Leaf
Leaves
Shelf
Shelves
Wolf
Wolves
Thief
Thieves
Knife
Knives

13. Rule #5 Most nouns that end in o form the plural by adding s. Zoo Zoos
Portfolio
Portfolios
Kangaroo
Kangaroos
Video
Videos
Radio
Radios
Rule #5
Most nouns that end in o form the plural by adding s.
Notice that the letter before each “O” is a vowel. If it were a consonant, the ending would be “ES.”

14. Heroes
Echoes
Tomatoes
Exception to Rule #5
Nouns ending in O preceded by a consonant form the plural by adding ES to the singular

15. Exception to the Exception of Rule #5
I am aware this should be singular.
Exception to the Exception of Rule #5
--Because pianos playing all the altos parts in solos at summer concerts in farm silos is the reason we now use emojis to communicate.
--Because sometimes English grammar exists to merely confound you.
This is why North Korea hates us.
Not really. This is why I don’t teach Social Studies.
Also, ISIS.

16. Rule #6
Some nouns change spelling from the singular form to the plural.
Man
Men
Woman
Women
Tooth
Teeth
Foot
Feet
Mouse
Mice
Goose
Geese Ox
Oxen
Child
Children

17. Rule #7
The plural form of some nouns is the same as the singular form.
Sheep
Deer
Fish

18. Things you will probably never use in real life.
Rule #8
Compound nouns form the plural by adding s to the principal word.
Mother-in-Law
Mothers-in-law
Brother-in-Law
Brothers-in-Law
Editor in Chief
Editors in Chief
Commander in Chief
Commanders in Chief
Why you would have more than one Mother in Law, Editor in Chief or Commander in Chief is not important. What is important is that if you ever do, you can correctly write their plural in a sentence
Things you will probably never use in real life.
Keeping it real.
You’re Welcome.
We’re almost done.
Again.

19. Things you will probably never use in real life.
Rule #9
If you are ever on “Wheel of Fortune” and you need to say; “Pat Sajak, Are there any “P’s?” The correctly written transcript would have an “s” with an apostrophe.
Letters form the plural by adding s or ‘s.
Things you will probably never use in real life.
TVs

20. Rule #10
The plural of numbers is formed by adding s
1920s
1950s
1980s