1. The Passive
Chapter 11

2. S + am/are/is + going to + V
TENSE
ACTIVE STRUCTURE
PASSIVE STRUCTURE
Simple Present
am/are/is + pp
Present Progressive
S + V -ing
Simple Past
S + V2 .
Past Progressive
was/were being + pp
Present Perfect
S + have/has + pp
Past Perfect
had been + pp
Will Future
S + will + V
Future Perfect
will have been + pp
Going to Future
S + am/are/is + going to + V
Modals
S + modal + V
Past Form of Modals
Modal + have been + pp
S + V (s/es)
Am/are/is being + pp
Was/were + pp
S+was/were V-ing
Have/has been+pp
S+had+pp
Will be+pp
S+will+have+pp
Am/are/is going to be+pp
Modal+be+pp
S+modal+have+pp

3. 11-1 Forming the Passive Subject verb object ACTIVE
Mary helped the boy
Subject verb
PASSIVE
The boy was helped by Mary
agent

4. 11-2 Using the Passive
When it is not known or not important to know who performs an action.
To focus the attention on the subject of a sentence (passive sentence).
By-phrase included only if necessary to know who performs the action.
If the ‘agent’ is known, usually the active is used.
Exercises! Pages 211, 212

5. 11-3 Indirect objects as Passive Subjects
I. O D. O.
Someone gave Mrs. Lee an award.
D. O I. O.
Someone gave an award to Mrs. Lee.
D. O I. O.
An award was given to Mrs. Lee.
I. O D. O.
Mrs. Lee was given an award.
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Practice! Pages 213 &214

6. 11-4 The Passive Form of Modals and Phrasal Modals
s+modal+v
Modal+be+pp
Past Form of Modals
Modal+have+pp
Modal+have+been+pp
More practice! Pages 219,120,221

7. 11-5 Stative Passive
Using the passive to describe an existing situation or state.
There’s no action taking place; the action happened earlier.
There’s no by-phrase.
The past participle functions as an adjective.
Exercises… pages 226,227

8. 11-7 The Passive with Get Let’s practice! Page 233, 234 GET+ADJECTIVE
GET+PAST PARTICIPLE
I stopped working because I got sleepy.
I stopped working because I got tired.
GET
PAST PARTICIPLE
Gives the idea of becoming, beginning to be, growing to be.
Functions as an adjective; it describes the subject.
Let’s practice! Page 233, 234

9. 11-8 Participial Adjectives
PRESENT PARTICIPLE
PAST PARTICIPLE
Serves as an adjective with an active meaning.
The noun it modifies performs the action.
Serves as an adjective with a passive meaning.
The noun it modifies receives the action.
The book confuses you.
It is a confusing book.
You are confused by the book.
You are confused.
Last exercises! Page 236