1. 1

2. 2 CHRONOLOGICAL Year by year progression of age (by numbers) PHYSICAL Physical body development & growth EMOTIONAL Development of feelings about oneself & others INTELLECTUAL Pursuit of academic development & knowledge and application of that knowledge

3. 3 Freud Jean Piaget Erik Erickson Robert Havighurst

4. 4 Austrian physician, specialized in nervous and mental diseases Developed the Psychoanalytical Theory – early childhood experiences influence lifelong behavior

5. 5 Born August 9, 1896, in Neuchâtel, Switzerland Wrote and published first scientific paper on the albino sparrow at age 11 Received his doctorate in Biology at age 22

6. 6 Three children: Jacqueline, Lucienne and Laurent Piaget studied his own children’s intellectual development –But what are potential problems with this? Through his research, Piaget identified four stages of children’s mental growth His research in developmental psychology and genetic epistemology led to one unique goal: How does knowledge grow?

7. 7

8. 8

9. 9 Sensorimotor stage Birth to age 2 Concerned with gaining motor control and learning about physical objects Preoperational stage Ages 2 to 7 Preoccupied with verbal skills At this point, child can name objects and reason intuitively

10. 10 Concrete operational stage Ages 7 to 12 Deals with abstract concepts such as numbers and relationships Formal operational stage Ages 12 to 15 Begins to reason logically and systematically

11. 11 American psychoanalyst; made contributions to child development and the identity crisis Born in Frankfurt, Germany Artist and teacher in the late 1920s

12. 12 Immigrated to the US in 1933, joined Harvard Medical School, then moved to Yale University Became interested in culture and society’s influential role on child development Began to formulate his theories by studying groups of Native American children

13. 13 Developed eight stages of development in 1956 Based stages of social and emotional development on many years of experience dealing with a wide range of people – from children to elderly and all social and economic levels

14. 14 Found each stage had to be satisfactorily met before moving onto the next stage Example: the foundation and subsequent floors of a house must be stable before the next ones can be added

15. 15 Birth to 18 months: Psychosocial stage - Infancy Psychosocial conflict - Basic trust vs. mistrust Favorable outcome - Hope, tolerates frustration, can delay gratification Unfavorable outcome - Suspicion, withdrawal

16. 16 18 months to three years: Psychosocial stage - Early childhood Psychosocial conflict - Autonomy vs. shame, doubt Favorable outcome - Will, self-control, self-esteem Unfavorable outcome - Compulsion, impulsiveness

17. 17 Three to six years: Psychosocial stage - Play age Psychosocial conflict - Initiative vs. guilt Favorable outcome - Purpose, enjoys accomplishments Unfavorable outcome - Inhibition

18. 18 Six to 11 years: Psychosocial stage - Middle childhood Psychosocial conflict - Industry vs. inferiority Favorable outcome - Competence Unfavorable outcome - Inadequacy, inferiority

19. 19 Puberty to early 20’s: Psychosocial stage - Adolescence Psychosocial conflict - Identity vs. role confusion Favorable outcome - Fidelity Unfavorable outcome - Diffidence, defiance, socially unacceptable identity

20. 20 Early 20’s to 40: Psychosocial stage - Young adulthood Psychosocial conflict - Intimacy vs. isolation Favorable outcome - Love Unfavorable outcome - Exclusivity, avoidance of commitment

21. 21 40 to 60 years: Psychosocial stage - Middle adulthood Psychosocial conflict - Generativity vs. stagnation Favorable outcome - Care, concern for future generations of society Unfavorable outcome - Rejection of others, self- indulgence

22. 22 From 60 years: Psychosocial stage - Old age Psychosocial conflict - Integrity vs. despair Favorable outcome - Wisdom Unfavorable outcome - Disdain, disgust

23. 23 Born in Depere, Wisconsin, in 1900 and German in origin Between 1924–1927, worked on atom structure and published numerous papers on physics and chemistry In 1928, shifted careers by deciding to work with experimental education

24. 24 Task One……… Task Two……… Task Three……. Task Four……... To achieve new and more mature relations with peers of both sexes To adopt socially approved masculine or feminine adult roles To accept physique and use body effectively To achieve emotional independence

25. 25 Task Five…….. Task Six ……… Task Seven…… Task Eight……. To develop a personal attitude toward marriage and family living To select and prepare for an occupation To acquire a set of standards as a guide to behavior To accept and adopt socially responsible behavior

26. 26 While other psychologists studied people with psychological problems, Maslow studied successful people Assumed human nature was good, not bad, and we continually need to fulfill needs Believed people with balanced needs live healthy lives, but if needs are denied people become ill Developed a hierarchy of needs

27. 27

28. 28 Biological necessities such as food, water and oxygen; these needs must be met for survival The need to feel safe and secure

29. 29 Maslow thought few people reached this level, where all needs are met; described as “finding your calling” The need to feel valuable, to have self- respect and respect for others The need to give and receive love, to escape loneliness and alienation; having a sense of belonging