1. + Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development Karina Bober Marisa Thibodeau Ashley Campbell

2. + Stage 1 of 8: Infancy Birth to 18 months Basic trust vs. Mistrust Hope Emphasis on parents’ nurturing ability and care for the child Maladaptation: sensory distortion, withdrawal

3. + Stage 2 of 8: Toddler / Early Childhood 18 months to 3 years Autonomy vs. Shame Will Opportunity to build self-esteem and autonomy as child learns new skills and right from wrong If well-cared for, the child will carry themselves with pride rather than shame Maladaptation: impulsivity, compulsion

4. + Stage 3 of 8: Preschooler 3 to 5 years Initiative vs. Guilt Purpose Children exhibit a desire to copy adults, create play situations, make up stories, play out roles, etc. Oepedial struggle which is resolved through social role identification Child experiences guilt if frustrated over natural desires and goals Most significant relationship is with the basic family Maladaptation: ruthlessness, inhibition Example of children trying different roles or making up stories Example

5. + Stage 4 of 8: School age child 6 to12 years Industry vs. Inferiority Competence Children are capable of learning new skills and knowledge, thus developing a sense of industry A very social stage; Problems with competence and self-esteem if the child experiences unresolved feelings of inadequacy/inferiority among our peers Most significant relationship is with school and neighborhood, and less with parents Maladaptation: narrow virtuosity, inertia Example of achievement, competence, acquiring knowledge Example

6. + Stage 5 of 8: Adolescent 12 to 18 years Identity vs. Role confusion Fidelity Before this stage, development is related to what is done to a person. Following this stage, development depends upon what a person does. Maladaptation: fanaticism, repudiation Example of identity struggle, peer relationships Example

7. + Stage 6 of 8: Young adult 18 to 35 years Intimacy and solidarity vs. Isolation Love Seeking companions and love, deep intimacy and satisfying relationships If unsuccessful, isolation might occur Most significant relationship is with marital partners and friends Maladaptation: promiscuity, exclusivity

8. + Stage 7 of 8: Middle-aged Adult 35 to 55-65 years Generativity vs. Self-absorption or stagnation Care Career and work are most important, along with family Attempting to produce something that makes a difference to society; fear of inactivity and meaninglessness Also a time of major life shifts Most significant relationship is with family, workplace, local church, other communities, etc. Maladaptation: overextension, rejectivity

9. + Stage 8 of 8: Late adulthood 55-65 years to Death Integrity vs. Despair Wisdom Time of reflection Contentment and fulfillment vs. despair, the fear of death Maladaptation: presumption, disdain

10. + Links to Examples Stage 1(Optional): Baby http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GGCQe3JZGi4 Stage 3: Preschool http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OeKN6CNAhDE Stage 4: Primary - Middle School http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6ep8KOR284 Stage 5: High School http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7-RbPVUzDlU&feature=related Stage 8(Optional): Old Age http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mO-ZlY1SlNA&feature=related

11. + Discussion Questions Q1) Identify the eight stages of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development theory. Q5) Compose a short story about an individual who is in one of the eight stages of development. Be specific to the crisis involved in the particular stage, and include the possible outcomes of going through this stage, positive and negative. Q6) Erikson suggests that each stage is never truly complete, and that each stage can be revisited. Evaluate whether or not this theory should be considered valid.

12. + References Harder, A.F. (2009). Erik Erikson Stages of Development. Retrieved June 13, 2011. http://www.learningplaceonline.com/stages/organize/Erikson.htm http://www.learningplaceonline.com/stages/organize/Erikson.htm Learning Theories Knowledgebase (2011). Erikson’s Stages of Development at LearningTheories. Retrieved June 13th, 2011. http://www.learning-theories.com/eriksons-stages-of- development.html http://www.learning-theories.com/eriksons-stages-of- development.html Moore, D. Erik Erikson Summary. Retrieved June 13, 2011. http://www.scribd.com/doc/35862460/Erik-erikson-summary http://www.scribd.com/doc/35862460/Erik-erikson-summary