1. Mr. Hayward Government The Presidency

2. Sources of Presidential Power Constitutional Powers − Constitution is very vague − executive power of the nation will be vested in a president????? Need for a Strong Executive − Did not want a tyrant − But wanted a strong executive Carry out acts of congress Hold the legislature in check − Legislature is the most powerful branch

3. Sources of Presidential Power Powers Defined in the Constitution − Article II of the Constitution − power to execute laws, veto legislation, command the military, and engage with foreign leaders. − With Senate approval can make treaties with foreign nations and appoint ambassadors and federal judges.

4. Sources of Presidential Power Inherent Powers − those claimed by the president that are not clearly expressed in the Constitution “the executive power shall be vested in a President” − The Louisiana Purchase − Jefferson assumed through executive power − Roosevelt Quoted… “ I have used every ounce of power there was in the office and I have not cared a rap for the criticisms of those who spoke of my ‘usurpation of power’; … I believe that the efficiency of this Government depends upon its possessing a strong central executive….”

5. Sources of Presidential Power Inherent Powers − Korean War Truman tried to take over nations steel mills to prevent disruption Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional − Cannot seize private property

6. Sources of Presidential Power Immediate Needs of the Nation − Can happen during war or emergencies − Civil War – Lincoln – Jailed opponents of union, raised armies without congressional approval − FDR – created the New Deal to create jobs during depression − George W. Bush – Declared war on terrorism, created Patriot Act - Spying Executive Privilege − Not in constitution − Withholding info from congress – SC ruled yes

7. Sources of Presidential Power Popular Opinion − They say that since they won the election, the people must agree with their plans and priorities. − Reagan did this wonderfully

8. Sources of Presidential Power Checks and Balances of Pres. Powers − Supreme Court can rule executive actions unconstitutional − Congress can pass legislation even if a president vetoes it − Senate must confirm a president’s appointees and all treaties. − Congress must also approve the budget

9. Sources of Presidential Power Checks and Balances of Pres. Powers − House and Senate can also impeach the president House of Representatives initiates the impeachment Senate investigates the accusation and then votes about whether or not to remove the president from office. − two presidents have been impeached − 1868 - President Andrew Johnson over issues related to how southern states would be reconstructed – Senate acquitted by 1 vote

10. Sources of Presidential Power Checks and Balances of Pres. Powers − 1998 the House voted to impeach President Bill Clinton over charges that he committed perjury and obstructed justice in an investigation about his relationship with someone who worked in the White House − Senate acquitted him

11. Seven Main Roles of the President RoleWhat Role Means 1. Head of State 2. Chief Executive 3. Commander in Chief 4. Chief Diplomat 5. Legislative leader 6. Economic Planner 7. Party leader

12. Seven Main Roles of the President RoleWhat Role Means 1. Head of Stateceremonial figure representing the United States. 2. Chief Executive the president leads the executive branch of government, which implements the laws that Congress passes. The president also appoints (with Senate confirmation) federal judges and the heads of executive departments and agencies. 3. Commander in Chief the president is responsible for the nation’s security and is in charge of the military. 4. Chief Diplomatthe president meets with foreign leaders, appoints ambassadors, and makes treaties (with Senate approval). 5. Legislative leaderState of the Union Address, proposes legislation, signs or vetoes laws, special sessions of congress 6. Economic Planner Prepares an annual budget for congressional approval. Uses economic advisors to do so. 7. Party leaderLeads his own political party. Rewards party supporters with positions in government

13. Lesson 2 – President as Head of state and Chief Executive Head of State − What do you think “State” means in this context? Head of State Chief Executive

14. Head of State -Performs ceremonial roles -“receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers.” -president hosts such dignitaries as kings, queens, and heads of foreign governments. -Provides comfort during natural disastors, shootings, etc. -Throws out first pitch, lights national Christmas tree, gives awards, host athletic achievements -the president is the symbol for the United States. Chief Executive -leads the executive branch of government -carries out the laws that Congress passes and runs the programs -In charge of all federal employees

15. Head of State and Chief Executive Source of President’s Executive Power −described in the Constitution, very vague −Article II, Section 1, simply says “the executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America….” Section 3 of the same article says “… he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed.” −All funds for these “laws” have to be approved by congress…. −Consider this…..

16. Head of State and Chief Executive Source of President’s Executive Power −Consider a 2012 law that required the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to develop special airport security screening procedures to help Armed Forces members traveling on official orders clear security more quickly. The DHS could decide exactly how to screen members of the military. However, for the law to be faithfully executed, the DHS would have to develop a system that would help military personnel get through those airport security lines faster than the average traveler.

17. Head of State and Chief Executive The Appointment Power −Can appoint 23 cabinet members −Partially limited by the Senate….have to approve top level appointments. −Assignment…Look up the 23 cabinet positions and who is in charge of each

18. Commander in Chief and Chief Diplomat Commander in ChiefPower to Make War Military Operations and strategy Shadow War Presidency in Times of War Chief DiplomatTreaties and Diplomatic Resolutions Executive Agreements Recognition of Foreign Governments

19. Commander in ChiefPower to Make War – 4 Facts with examples Military Operations and strategy- 2 Facts Shadow War – 2 Facts with examples Presidency in Times of War – 4 Facts with examples Chief DiplomatTreaties and Diplomatic Resolutions – 5 Facts Executive Agreements – 2 Facts Recognition of Foreign Governments – 2 Facts with examples

20. Legislative, Economic, and Party Leader Legislative Leader Tools to Influence Congress – 4 facts with examples The Veto – 3 facts with examples Economic LeaderBasic Responsibilities – 4 Facts Budgeting – How and Why Party LeaderAppointing Members of Party to Government Positions? Possible Conflicts?