1. Chapter 11 World War II: A World in Flames World War II: A World in Flames

2. Rise of Dictators  Benito Mussolini (Italy)--Fascism--a kind of aggressive nationalism  Joseph Stalin (USSR/Russia)-- Communism--one party rule that suppressed individual liberties and punished opponents  Benito Mussolini (Italy)--Fascism--a kind of aggressive nationalism  Joseph Stalin (USSR/Russia)-- Communism--one party rule that suppressed individual liberties and punished opponents

3. Rise of Dictators  Hirohito (Japan)--Emperor--absolute monarch  Adolf Hitler (Germany)--Nazi Party-- nationalistic and anitcommunist  Hirohito (Japan)--Emperor--absolute monarch  Adolf Hitler (Germany)--Nazi Party-- nationalistic and anitcommunist

4. Question for Discussion  Why was it so easy for dictators to rise to power at this time?  Discuss this with your shoulder partner and then we will discuss whole group  Why was it so easy for dictators to rise to power at this time?  Discuss this with your shoulder partner and then we will discuss whole group

5. Japan takes Manchuria  After World War I, the economy of Japan was hit hard  Japanese military leaders felt the only way for Japan to get needed resources was to seize Manchuria  Manchuria was a resource-rich province of China  Military took control of Manchuria without permission from gov’t  After World War I, the economy of Japan was hit hard  Japanese military leaders felt the only way for Japan to get needed resources was to seize Manchuria  Manchuria was a resource-rich province of China  Military took control of Manchuria without permission from gov’t

6. Manchuria  After the military invasion of Manchuria began, the gov’t tried to end the war  When the Japanese prime minister tried to negotiate a treaty, military officers assassinated him  From this point on, military was effectively in control of Japan  After the military invasion of Manchuria began, the gov’t tried to end the war  When the Japanese prime minister tried to negotiate a treaty, military officers assassinated him  From this point on, military was effectively in control of Japan

7. America remains Neutral  As America is still trying to recover from the Great Depression, the last thing on their minds is getting involved with another world war.  Neutrality Act of 1935--made it illegal for Americans to sell arms to any country at war  As America is still trying to recover from the Great Depression, the last thing on their minds is getting involved with another world war.  Neutrality Act of 1935--made it illegal for Americans to sell arms to any country at war

8. Question for Discussion  Why was America so determined to stay neutral at the beginning of World War II?  Discuss with your shoulder partner and then we will discuss whole group.  Why was America so determined to stay neutral at the beginning of World War II?  Discuss with your shoulder partner and then we will discuss whole group.

9. Spanish Civil War  Francisco Franco led a rebellion in Spain to become its Fascist dictator  America wanted no part of it  Germany, Italy, and the USSR all sent troops/supplies to help Franco  Due to their involvement in the conflict, Germany, Italy,and later Japan all became allies and became the Axis Powers  Francisco Franco led a rebellion in Spain to become its Fascist dictator  America wanted no part of it  Germany, Italy, and the USSR all sent troops/supplies to help Franco  Due to their involvement in the conflict, Germany, Italy,and later Japan all became allies and became the Axis Powers

10. Roosevelt and Internationalism  “Our international relations, though vastly important, are in point of time and necessity secondary to the establishment of a sound national economy”

11. The Austrian Anschluss  Hitler was bent on world domination, but the rest of Europe wanted peace after WWI  In February 1938 Hitler threatened to invade Austria unless Austrian Nazies were given important gov’t jobs  The Austrian chancellor gave in to the demand and Hitler took over Austria  Hitler was bent on world domination, but the rest of Europe wanted peace after WWI  In February 1938 Hitler threatened to invade Austria unless Austrian Nazies were given important gov’t jobs  The Austrian chancellor gave in to the demand and Hitler took over Austria

12. Munich Crisis and Appeasement  Next, Hitler claimed an area of Czehoslovakia called the Sudetenland  Other countries were upset over this and wanted to stop it  However, since Europe was so reluctant to go to war again, they decided to let Hitler have his way, hoping that he would stop after this  Next, Hitler claimed an area of Czehoslovakia called the Sudetenland  Other countries were upset over this and wanted to stop it  However, since Europe was so reluctant to go to war again, they decided to let Hitler have his way, hoping that he would stop after this

13. Question for Discussion  What was the result of France and Britain’s policy of appeasement to Germany?

14. Polish Corridor  After Hitler was allowed to take Czechoslovakia, he decided to take Poland  The British and French, realizing that appeasement had failed, announced that if Germany invaded Poland, they would declare war  On Sept. 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland  After Hitler was allowed to take Czechoslovakia, he decided to take Poland  The British and French, realizing that appeasement had failed, announced that if Germany invaded Poland, they would declare war  On Sept. 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland

15. Blitzkreig in Poland  Poland resisted Germany’s onslaught, but was unsuccessful  Blitzkrieg, or lightning war, used large numbers of massed tanks to break through and rapidly encircle enemy positions  By Oct. 5, 1939, the Polish army had been defeated  Poland resisted Germany’s onslaught, but was unsuccessful  Blitzkrieg, or lightning war, used large numbers of massed tanks to break through and rapidly encircle enemy positions  By Oct. 5, 1939, the Polish army had been defeated

16. Fall of France  France waited for Germany to invade behind the Maginot Line  When Germany finally invaded, they raced north into Belgium allowing the Germans to enter through Luxembourg  The Germans easily smashed through French lines and trapped the French in Belgium  France waited for Germany to invade behind the Maginot Line  When Germany finally invaded, they raced north into Belgium allowing the Germans to enter through Luxembourg  The Germans easily smashed through French lines and trapped the French in Belgium

17. Miracle at Dunkirk  After Germany took France, the only hope for the French and British was to evacuate though a seaport.  The only port not controlled by Germany was Dunkirk.  As Germany was closing in, for some unknown reason, Germany stopped, allowing the French and British to get away  After Germany took France, the only hope for the French and British was to evacuate though a seaport.  The only port not controlled by Germany was Dunkirk.  As Germany was closing in, for some unknown reason, Germany stopped, allowing the French and British to get away

18. Question for Discussion  How might the war have ended differently if Hitler had not stopped before he got to Dunkirk?

19. Battle of Britain  Germany kept trying to break Britain  They kept sending a series of airplane attacks for months that became known as the Battle of Britain  British Prime Minister--Winston Churchill  Germany kept trying to break Britain  They kept sending a series of airplane attacks for months that became known as the Battle of Britain  British Prime Minister--Winston Churchill

20. Nazi Persecution of the Jews  Holocaust--the catastrophe that ravaged Europe’s Jews  Nazis killed nearly 6 million Jews  Shoah--Hebrew term for the Holocaust  Holocaust--the catastrophe that ravaged Europe’s Jews  Nazis killed nearly 6 million Jews  Shoah--Hebrew term for the Holocaust

21. Nazi Persecution of the Jews  Nuremberg Laws--took citizenship away from Jewish Germans and banned marriage between Jews and other Germans  Kristallnacht--”night of broken glass”; November 7, 1938--Germans broke windows and destroyed property owned by Jews  Nuremberg Laws--took citizenship away from Jewish Germans and banned marriage between Jews and other Germans  Kristallnacht--”night of broken glass”; November 7, 1938--Germans broke windows and destroyed property owned by Jews

22. Question for Discussion  Why did the Germans persecute the Jews?

23. The Final Solution  Before the Wannesee Conference, Germans had rounded up Jews, Gypsies, Slavs and shot them piling them into mass graves  Another method before Wannesee--put them in trucks and piped in exhaust fumes to kill them  These methods, however, proved to be too slow, so they had to come up with more effective methods to kill them  Before the Wannesee Conference, Germans had rounded up Jews, Gypsies, Slavs and shot them piling them into mass graves  Another method before Wannesee--put them in trucks and piped in exhaust fumes to kill them  These methods, however, proved to be too slow, so they had to come up with more effective methods to kill them

24. Concentration Camps  After the Wannesee Conference, Nazis made plans to round up Jews  In concentration camps, healthy people would work as slave labor until they dropped dead of exhaustion, disease, or malnutrition  The sick, elderly, or very young children would be sent to extermination camps to be executed in massive gas chambers  After the Wannesee Conference, Nazis made plans to round up Jews  In concentration camps, healthy people would work as slave labor until they dropped dead of exhaustion, disease, or malnutrition  The sick, elderly, or very young children would be sent to extermination camps to be executed in massive gas chambers

25. Concentration Camps Bodies at Auschwitz Death march from Dachau

26. Question for Discussion  Why did no one try to stop what was going on in the concentration camps?

27. America enters the War  Despite the American wish to remain neutral, America was dragged into World War II by one event:

28. Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor  December 7, 1941  “A Day that will live in infamy”--FDR  U.S. Declared war on Japan on December 8, 1941  December 7, 1941  “A Day that will live in infamy”--FDR  U.S. Declared war on Japan on December 8, 1941