1. Reconstruction 1865-1877

2. Lincoln’s Plan- 1865  Reunite all of the states and rebuild country  Pardon all Southerners who swear allegiance to the Union- EXCEPT Confederate leaders and those accused of crimes against prisoners of war  Once 10% of voting population did so, the States could form new governments and send representatives to Congress

3. Johnson Continued Lincoln’s Policies President Andrew Johnson proposed own Presidential Reconstruction: - states must swear allegiance, annul war debts, ratify 13 th Amendment - did not address voting rights, land, laws for former slaves States that had not applied under Lincoln agreed to Johnson’s terms - some states did not fully comply Johnson’s Plan 1 SECTION

4. Johnson’s Plan  Same as Lincoln's Plan  PLUS each former Confederate State had to ratify the 13 th Amendment

5. Presidential Reconstruction Comes to a Standstill Radical Republicans in Congress refused new Southern legislators Congress enlarged Freedmen’s Bureau-helped former slaves, poor whites; gave social services, medical care, education 1 SECTION Johnson’s Plan Civil Rights Act of 1866 Congress passed Civil Rights Act of 1866: - granted citizenship to African Americans - prohibited black codes or discriminatory laws Black codes restored many restrictions of slavery Whites used violence to prevent blacks from improving their lives Johnson vetoed Freedmen’s Bureau and Civil Rights Act Alienated moderate Republicans; angers Radicals

6. Radical Republicans’ Plan  Leader Thaddeus Stevens  Believed the states did secede  Wanted to punish the Southern States for the Rebellion  Congress had the constitutional power to readmit the states- NOT the President  Wanted all African Americans to be given full citizenship (14 th ) and voting rights

7. Make the South Pay

8. ??? To Ponder  Define Reconstruction  What was Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction?  What is the 13 th /14 th Amendment?  What was Radical about the Radical Republicans?

10. Problems During Reconstruction

11. Sharecropping and Tenant Farming

12. Black Codes  African Americans can only be farmers or servants  Must carry special pass to travel  Can NOT vote  Can NOT serve on jury

13. Jim Crow Laws  To Prevent African Americans from voting  Required to pay poll tax  Pass reading test  Grandfather clause- if your grand-daddy voted in 1867 you didnt need to pay or pass test  Started Segregation- separate people in public based on race

15. ??? To Ponder  What was the opening battle of the Civil War?  This battle was along side the Tennessee River…  What was the Lincoln’s Plan?  How might the Radical republicans reacted?  Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction….

16. ??? To Ponder  13 th / 14 th / 15 th Amendment  Differences/Similarities between Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws?  This started the cycle of poverty for freedmen …  Explain the purpose of the KKK

17. Preventing African-American Votes

18. Radical Reaction to the 10% Plan  Radical Republicans found Lincoln's "10 Percent Plan" too lenient. 1864 Wade-Davis Bill made Congress responsible for Reconstruction Required 50% of the number of 1860 voters to take an “iron clad” oath Lincoln used pocket veto to kill Wade-Davis; Radicals outraged

19. Reconstruction Act of 1867  Any Government under Lincoln’s or Johnson’s plan will NOT be recognized  Confederate leaders can NOT vote or hold office  All white and black men can vote and be elected  Southern states must write new constitutions that guarantees black’s rights to vote  Southern states must ratify 14 th Amendment

20. President Johnson’s Reaction  Tries to veto Reconstruction Act  Congress overrides veto with majority vote  Radical Republicans try to impeach Johnson  Fails to impeach by just one vote

21. Impeachment  Congress passes the Tenure of Office Act to control Johnson  He defies it and is impeached  He falls one vote short of being removed from office

23. ??? To Ponder  All citizens can vote- explain!  What do you think is the most important Reconstruction Amendment?  Explain why  How does Congress trick Johnson/Why?  Is Johnson removed from office?

24. Fraud and Bribery Grant considered honest; appointed friends to political office Beginning in 1872, series of Grant administration scandals exposed MAJOR corruption issues: 1. Credit Mobilier 2. Whiskey Ring 3. Bribes (Belknap) GRANTISM! Scandals and Money Crises Hurt Republicans 3 SECTION

25. Scandals and Money Crises Hurt Republicans Republican Unity Shattered 1872, Liberal Republican Party formed, nominated Horace Greeley Democrats also nominated Greeley; Grant won by wide margin Liberal Republicans weakened Radicals, made Reconstruction difficult 3 SECTION

26. Election of 1872

27. Economic Turmoil The Panic of 1873 Business opportunities in South led investors to excessive debt Largest government securities dealer bankrupts, started panic of 1873 - banks, businesses closed; stock market collapsed Panic triggered 5-year economic depression Currency Dispute Panic of 1873 fueled dispute over currency - financial experts wanted return to gold standard - South, West wanted more greenbacks to pay debts 1875, Specie Resumption Act put country back on gold standard 3 SECTION

28. Northern Support Fades Northerners grew indifferent to events in South:  - shifted attention to national problems  - wanted reconciliation between regions  - began to dislike Reconstruction policies Republicans gave up from lack of judicial, public support, leaders Republicans concluded government cannot impose moral, social changes