1. Biomolecules There are four types of biomolecules Why are they important? –Biomolecules are the building blocks for all organisms. They are what make organisms. Where are they found? –They found everywhere in any organism and are –made in the cell or during cellular processes.

2. Lipids Lipids are made of fatty acids –Glycerol and fatty acids –Glycerol –Fatty acids and a phosphate group –Five fused hydrocarbon rings They are the fats and oils that are produced by the body Functions: store energy, steroid synthesis (hormones), insulation in animal tissues, and are found in cell membranes

3. Lipid Molecule: C-H Long chains of Carbon and Hydrogen

4. Carbohydrates Made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms usually in a 1:2:1 ratio They are the most abundant of all the biomolecules. The smallest of these biomolecules are called monosaccharides  Mono=single, one, simple  Saccharide=sugar Functions: Energy, component of the cell wall, provide structural support

5. Carbohydrate Molecule: C-H-O This is an example of a monosaccharide called glucose. It is a building block found in sugar. Another monosaccharide is fructose which is a sugar found in fruit. Also monosaccharide are monomers and when you put many of the together, they are polysaccharides or polymers

6. Protein The subunits which make-up Proteins are Amino Acids. The amino acids are joined together to form chains, which are hundreds of amino acids long; called proteins. Proteins function as enzymes or as structural units in cells. They do most of the "work" in a cell. Almost all of the exciting stuff; metabolism, memory, hormone action, and movement involves proteins.proteins

7. Protein Molecule: C-H-O-N

8. At this position (the R-group) in an amino acid, different functional groups can be present. There are twenty different types of amino acids found in proteins. Each has a different R-group. There are twenty different types of amino acids found in proteins: with eight essential. Essential amino acids must be acquired in the diet; nonessential amino acids can be synthesized by the body.

9. The 8 essential amino acids are in orange. alanine cysteine histidine methionine threonine arginine glutamic acid isoleucine phenyalanine valine tryptophan asparagine glutamine leucine proline tyrosine aspartic acid glycine lysine serine

10. Proteins The amino acids within a single protein chain can interact. These interactions lead to a twisting and folding of the amino acid chain (protein) that is very important to the function of the protein. Two things determine the primary structure of a protein: The number of amino acids in the chain, where each specific amino acid occurs in the chain. The folding of a protein determines it’s shape and function within a cell.

11. Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids store, transmit and express genetic information. Nucleic acids are composed of subunits called nucleotides. Nucleotides contain a phosphate group, a sugar and a nitrogenous base. Nucleotides are linked together by bonds between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of the next one 3 types: –DNA –RNA –ATP

12. Nucleic Acids DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) stores genetic information in the sequence of the nucleotide subunits. RNA (ribonucleic acid) uses the information stored in DNA to write the instructions for linking together specific sequences of amino acids in order to form polypeptides per original DNA instructions. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the cell’s major energy source, turning food energy into usable chemical energy.

13. Nucleic Acid Molecule- C-H-O-N-P