1. Unit 2 Species Interactions, Succession and Biomes Chp 4

2. A community has many interacting species. These interactions are called symbioses. Predator-prey ( +, -) Mimicry (copycat) Plant-herbivore (form of predation) Parasitism (Ecto and Endo parasites) Competition Mutualism ( +, +) Commensalism ( +, 0 )

4. Succession Fires, Floods, Landslides, Hurricanes, and Volcanic eruptions can cause ecological succession Over time the life changes in stages. Primary succession= area that has NOT supported life(bare rock or sand dune). Secondary succession= replacement of species over time following a disruption. Pioneer species are the first to develop.

6. Climax Community A stable end point of succession is called a Climax Community. This remains constant for long periods of time.

7. Terrestrial Ecosystems Terrestrial Ecosystems BIOMES= are very large terrestrial ecosystems that contain a number of smaller but related ecosystems within them. There are seven major biomes characterized by significant plant and animal life, climate, rainfall,etc.

8. Biomes TUNDRA Cold and treeless Largest and northernmost biome Permafrost=permanently frozen layer of soil. Little rain, short growing season Grasses,mosses,caribou,snowy owls, arctic foxes, and snowshoe hares

10. Taiga Forest, cone-bearing trees, firs, hemlocks Long and cold winters Short summers Low-nutrient soil Moose, Bears, Wolves, most hibrenate 6-8 months of the year.

12. Temperate Deciduous Forest Tress that lose their leaves in the fall Even precipitation through the seasons Birch, Elm, Oak, and Willow trees Deer, Fox, Raccoon, Squirrell

14. Temperate Grassland Little rainfall Rich fertile soil Large herds of grazing animals Much of the area is used for growing crops

16. Deserts Less than 9.9inches of rain per year Hot days and cold nights Animals and plants have adaptations to conserve water Cacti, Lizards, Snakes

18. Savannas Tropical or subtropical grasslands with scattered trees and shrubs Support many herbivores=zebras, giraffes, gazelles Periods of drought alternate with periods of rain

20. Tropical Rain Forest Very tall trees Abundant rainfall Canopy is high tree tops that shade the forest floor Epiphytes live on these tall tress (but not parasites) Contain the most species, most diverse