1. The Early Colonies

2. Questions Bell Ringer Section 1  Why did the population of Jamestown plummet between the years 1609 and 1610?  How did the Powhatan Confederacy help the Jamestown colonist?  What brought the Powhatan confederacy to an end?  How did the London Company’s headright system work?  Why did many English Catholics come to America in the 1600’s ?  Why was the Toleration Act of 1649 significant to American development ?

3. Questions Chapter 3 section1  What was the reason that Virginia colonist began to use slave labor ?  What were three important cash crops of the Southern Colonies?

4. Southern Colonies  Key terms –London Company –King James –Jamestown –John Smith –John Rolfe –Pocahontas –Powhaten Indians –Headright System –Bacon’s Rebellion

5. COLONY NAME YEAR FOUNDED FOUNDED BY BECAME ROYAL COLONY Virginia 1607 London Company 1624 Massachusetts 1620 Puritans 1691 New Hampshire New Hampshire 1623 John Wheelwright 1679 Maryland 1634 Lord Baltimore Lord Baltimore N/A Connecticut c. 1635 Thomas Hooker N/A Rhode Island Rhode Island 1636 Roger Williams Roger Williams N/A Delaware 1638 Peter MinuitPeter Minuit and New Sweden Company Peter MinuitN/A North Carolina North Carolina 1653Virginians1729 South Carolina South Carolina 1663 Eight Nobles with a Royal Charter from Charles II 1729 New Jersey New Jersey 1664 Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret 1702 New York New York 1664 Duke of York 1685 Pennsylvania 1682 William Penn William Penn N/A Georgia 1732 James Edward Oglethorpe 1752

6. Jamestown  Location – 40 miles up the James River in Virginia  London Company – asked King James for permission to establish a colony in Virginia. –Wanted to turn a profit –Did not send people prepared to live in the wilderness –Colony started to fail –John Smith- sent by London Company to organize and manage the colony.

7. Jamestown Continued –Many died due to sickness. –Powhatan Confederacy of Native Americans.- helped the colonist –John Rolfe – introduces tobacco and they begin to turn a profit – Marries Pocahontas

8. –Pocahontas – was the daughter of a Powhatan leader- dies in London 3 yrs later –Colonist are killed by Indians and the King takes over because London Company can’t protect the colonist (Royal Colony)

9. Colonial life in Jamestown  Head right System- Colonist that paid for their own passage to America were given 50 acres of land by the king + 50 for any person they brought with them.  Lived on scattered farms and plantations  At first used indentured servants ( people who owed money and worked to pay it off)  Later used slaves the Dutch provided because it was cheaper.

10. Bacon’s Rebellion  Colonial officials ask for more taxes  Colonist protest because they think the king doesn’t protect them from Indian Attacks  Nathaniel Bacon – leads a group that attacks some friendly Indians. He thinks that colonist should be able to take Indian land  Burns Jamestown  Bacon dies the rebellion ends.

11. Maryland  Established by Catholics  Formed to escape Religious Persecution of Catholics in England  Formed by George Calvert (Lord Baltimore)  King Charles of England grants the Charter  Proprietary Colony-Owners ran the government

12. Maryland Continued  Protestants move into the colony and come into conflict with Catholics.  The Toleration Act of 1649-the first law passed in America that supported Religious Tolerance

13. Carolina  Charles II- gives land between Virginia and Spanish Florida to eight of his supporters. (Carolina)  Becomes too big to govern so they split it into two (north and South Carolina)  Later they become a Royal Colony.

14. Georgia  Established by James Olgolthorpe  Debtors in England are sent to the Colony  Outlawed slavery because they wanted small farms not plantations.  Becomes a Royal Colony

15. Southern Colony Economy  Agricultural  Traded with Indians  Cash Crops – Crops that could be grown to turn a profit (tobacco, Indigo)  Exported Materials for ship building –Wool –Tar

16. New England Colonies

17. Questions Chapter 3 section 2  What are three reasons Pilgrims came to America ?  How would you describe the Mayflower Compact?  What have some Historians called minister Thomas Hooker?  For what reason did New England colonist believe children need an education?  What are three groups in New England’s early economy?

18. New England Colonies  Puritans- wanted to purify or reform the Church Of England (Anglican)  Pilgrims – Separatist – want to separate from the Church Of England.

19. Pilgrims  Immigrant- a person that wants to leave the country of their birth to live in another country.  Came to America practice their religion freely  Formed a joint stock company  Came on the Mayflower  Landed at Plymouth Rock Massachusetts  Led by William Bradford

20. The Mayflower Compact  A legal contract formed by the people on the Mayflower to agree to have fair laws to protect the general good.

21. Native American Friends of the Pilgrims  Samoset –Spoke broken English –Introduced the colonist to Squanto  Squanto –Spoke English well –Taught them practices to succeed  Massasoit –Indian leader invited to the first Thanksgiving

22. Pilgrim Life  Farming  Traded Furs  Fished  Many Families – served as the center of religious life, health care and well being

23. Role of Women  Cooked, weaved, sewed  made soap, butter  Cared for livestock  Could sign contracts  Could sue  Could own property

24. Role of Men  Repaired tools  Worked in fields  Built shelters

25. Puritans  Church of England – persecuted those religions that disagreed with the church  Migration occurred between 1629 – 1640  Puritans were granted a charter by the King to start Massachusetts Bay Colony  Came for religious Freedom  John Winthrop –leader  They were well prepared and grew so large that they included the Plymouth Colony

26. Religion and Government  General Court – turned into a type of self government –Each town sent a represenative –Became a bicameral (two House) legislature No separation between Church and State Only male Church members could vote

27. Connecticut  Thomas Hooker – leaves Massachusetts Bay and found Connecticut –Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- a set of principles that makes Connecticut’s government more democratic

28. Rhode Island  Roger Williams – disagreed with the leadership of Massachusetts  Supported the idea of Separation between Church and State – The government should not favor any religion  Anne Hutchinson- Outspoken about her religious differences with Puritan leaders. The Puritans force her out of the colony and she founds Portsmouth that later becomes part of Rhode Island.

29. Witches

30. Witches  Trials held in Salem  Girls accused people of casing spells on them  Pressured people to admit they were witches  19 people put to death

31. Economy  Due to poor farming land : –Did not grow cash crops –Did not need slaves  Traded –Fur –Pickled beef and pork FishedShipbuilding

32. Skilled Craftsmen  Apprentices – people learning a skill  Journeymen – traveled and learned new skills  Master Craftsmen- Trained journeymen and apprentices

33. Education  Read the Bible  Passed laws instructing parents to educate their children  Town schools- every 50 families must have a school –New England Primer – book that taught the bible to educate

34. Higher Education-  John Harvard – Harvard College- taught ministers  William and Mary- 2 nd college founded in the colony

35. Middle colonies

36. Questions Chapter 3 section 3  In terms of religion What are some ways the Middle Colonies are different than the Southern and Northern Colonies ?  What one thing made the Middle Colonies different from the Southern and Northern Colonies ?  What role did slaves play in the economy of the Middle Colonies?  What were the staple crops of the Middle Colonies?

37. New York  Founded by the Dutch as a trading post  New Amsterdam- center of the Fur Trade (New York)  Directed by Peter Stuyvesant  Colony captured by the English

38. New Jersey  Sir Carteret and Lord John Bentley proprietor of New Jersey

39. Pennsylvania  Quakers – society of Friends – one of the largest religious groups in New Jersey  Believed in equality of men and women before God  Non violence  Religious tolerance

40.  William Penn – proprietor of New Jersey  Founded Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers  Had an elected assembly  Philadelphia- Capital- “The city of brotherly love”

41. Delaware  Originally part of Pennsylvania became it’s own state in 1776

42. Economy of the Middle Colonies  Good climate, rich soil  Staple crops – crops that were needed  More slaves  Trade –exported to Britain and West Indies.  Women worked mostly in the home

43. English Colonies  Each had their own government  Monarch had authority over all colonies Governor Advisory Council

44.  Kings or queens selected the government council in Royal colonies  Proprietary colonies – proprietor( owner) selected the council  People elect the council in a few colonies (Connecticut)

45. Virginia Assembly  First colonial legislature in North America  Council of the state – selected by the governor’s advisory council and London Company  House of Burgesses – members selected by colonist

46. Town Meeting  People talked about issues and made decisions of local interest.

47. Trouble Brewing  James II – becomes King – wants to take control – felt colonies were too independent

48. Colonial Governments Each colony had a governor Royal Colonies selected by the King or Queen Proprietary Colonies – selected by the owners By the people in some such as Connecticut Town meeting in New England decided issues of local interest.

49.  Assemblies –Passed laws that had to be approved by the advisory council and then the governor. –Virginia Assembly - the first colonial legislature in North America.  Council of the state –members selected by the advisory council and London Company.  House of Burgesses- elected by colonist

50. King James stirs up trouble  Wants to “take control” of the colonist.  Dominion of New England- Unites the Northern colonies under one government.  Limits the power of town meeting to make local decisions.

51.  Parliament – (English Legislature) replaces king James  Establishes:  The English Bill of Rights-reduces the power of the English Monarchy

52. Colonial Courts  Used to control local affairs  Reflected the values of the local communities.  Protected Local freedoms – –John Peter Zenger –Printed something that damaged the reputation of the governor of New York. Was arrested but found not guilty.

53. English trade laws  Mercantilism – a system of acquiring wealth through trade.  Navigation Acts – –forbid colonist from trading cotton or sugar with any other country but England. –had to use English ships to transport the goods –All goods had to pass through English ports to be taxed

54. Triangular Trade  Trade between Britain, the Americas, and Africa.

55. The Great Awakening  A religious movement that sweep through the colonies in the 1730’s –Promoted ideas of spiritual equality

56. Enlightenment  A movement that spread the idea that reason and logic could improve society. –Social Contract – John Locke- a unwritten contract between governments and its citizens –Natural Rights -to life liberty and property. John Locke

57. French and Indian War  Metacomet –a Wompanoag leader- AKA King Phillip- opposed the colonist effort to take his land.  War erupted – King Phillips War  War ended – Metacomet killed.

58.  Some Native Americans had fought with the Colonist.  The English wanted control of the Ohio River Valley for Furs this brought them into conflict with the French. War Breaks out.  George Washington- sent to survey the area is attacked and builds fort Necessity and finally surrenders to the French.

59. Treaty of Paris  Ends the War 1763 Terms  Britain Wins –Canada goes to the Britain –Britain gets all land East of the Mississippi except New Orleans except New Orleans Britain gets Florida

60. Great Britain attempts to pay for the war  The war is very costly.  Parliament wants to tax the colonist. King George

61. Sugar Act 1764  Taxes Molasses and Sugar Imports.  Parliament also: –Arrest smugglers –Make it difficult to avoid paying duties –Give greater power to Vice-Admiralty courts –Treat smugglers as guilty until proven innocent

62. Colonist Argue  “no taxation without representation”  Sam Adams and James Otis form THE COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE.  The purpose of the C.O.C. was to share ideas of how to oppose British laws with other colonies and to pass information about new British laws.  They boycott British goods.

63. Stamp Act  Parliament taxes all paper goods by requiring that a stamp be placed on all paper items.  This is the first attempt to tax them directly.

64. Colonial Response  Form The Sons Of Liberty –Use violence to oppose and frighten tax collectors –Parliament repeals the Stamp Act

65. Declaratory Act  Says Parliament has the power to make laws for the colonies in all cases whatsoever.

66. Townsend Acts  Places duties on glass, lead, paper and tea  Writ of Assistance – used to enforce the laws give tax collectors the right to search for smuggled goods.  Colonist boycott British Goods  Daughters of liberty support the boycott.

67. Boston Massacre  Tax collectors seize the colonist ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling.  Colonist attack the customs house.  Parliament sends in troops  Colonist see troops as a threat  March 5 1770 – British troops fire on the colonist killing three

68. Boston Massacre Cont.  Soldiers are tried for murder  They are defended by colonist  6 are found not guilty 2 are found guilty of killing colonist by accident – they are branded and released

69. Parliament Repeals the Townsend Acts  To ease tension  Except for the tax on Tea

70. Tea Act  Parliament gives East India Tea Company the right to sell Tea directly to the colonist.  The colonist will get tea at a cheaper cost even after paying the tax.  Colonial merchants are threatened by this action

71. Boston Tea Party  Dec 16 1773 – Colonist dressed as Indians dump the tea into the Boston Harbor.

72. Intolerable Acts  Lord North the New British Prime Minister wants to Punish Boston.  Parliament passes the Coercive Acts –Colonist call them the Intolerable Acts  Close Boston Harbor  Cancel the Charter for Massachusetts  Governor has the right to decide when the colonial legislature can meet  Royal Officials that commit a crime in America go to Britain for trial  Quartering Act- Colonist must house British soldiers  General Gage – British- becomes Governor of Massachusetts