1. Chapter 13 Section 3

2.  Chivalry  Tournament  Troubadour

3.  The Technology of Warfare Charlemagne's Grandfather; Charles Martel noticed that Muslim warriors on horseback had great affect on battles Organized his Frankish army with armored horsemen or knights.

4.  Technology of Warfare Invention of stirrups allowed knights to stay firmly on their horse.  Carry heavier weapons and charge without toppling off their horse Could knock over enemy foot soldiers and riders without stirrups Eventually mounted knights became most important part of the army.

5.  The Warriors Role in Feudal Society 11 th century warring nobles raised private armies of knights In exchange for service the knights received fiefs Money from the fief allowed knights to train for war year round. Knights typically served for 40 days a year in battle; rest of the time was their own

6.  Code of Chivalry 1100s complex set of ideals and moral codes Knights must defend 3 masters:  Feudal lord, God, and his lady Also protected the weak and the poor

7.  A Knights Training Sons of Nobles: Age 7 sent to another castle to be a paige; be a servant and practice fighting skills Age 14- Squire; servant to a knight continue to gain weapons training Age 21- full fledged knight

8. Mantlet: -Shielded Soldiers

9. Siege Tower: - Had a platform on top that Lowered like a drawbridge.

10. Battering Ram: -Made of heavy timber with a sharp tip -swung like a pendulum to crack castle walls or to knock Down a drawbridge

11. Trebuchet: -Worked like a giant slingshot - propelled objects up to a distance of 980 feet

12. Mangonel: -Flung huge rocks that crashed into castle walls -Propelled objects up to a distance of 1,300 feet

13.  Noblewomen Noblewomen could inherit land from their husband Had power to send her lords knights to battle Usually confined to activities in the home or covenant

14.  Peasant Women Performed endless tasks in the home and in the fields, had children, and took care of families Women were viewed as inferior by the church No education