Phylum Chordata

Includes 5 Classes 1.Fish 2.Amphibians 3.Reptiles 4.Birds 5.Mammals

Fish Habitat: nearly every aquatic environment Respiration: use gills to breathe Circulation: 2 chambered heart Reproduction: sexual (mostly external) Nervous System: lateral line system that can detect movement

Fish 3 Major Types of Fish Jawless Fish Cartilaginous Fish (chondricthes) Bony Fish (osteicthes)

Amphibians Examples: frogs, salamanders, toads Habitat: live on land and water Respiration: lungs in adults, gills in tadpoles, but mostly through the moist skin Reproduction: External reproduction (water needed to transport sperm and eggs must be kept moist)

Amphibians Circulation: 3 chambered heart (mixing) One chamber gets oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and skin One gets oxygen-poor blood form the rest of the body Both of those chambers collect in a third chamber that pumps a mix of oxygen-rich and oxygen- poor blood to the lungs, skin and body

Amphibians Temperature Regulation: Ectotherms, variable body temperature – gets heat from outside source Metamorphosis – eggs, tadpoles, adult Tadpoles – fins, gills, 2- chambered heart Adult – legs, lungs, 3- chambered heart

Reptiles Examples: snakes, crocodiles, turtle, lizards Habitat: Land mostly Respiration: No exchange thru skin bc it is scaly MUST use lungs Circulation: most have 3 chambered heart Obtain food: claws, legs directly under body makes running easier Temp Regulation: ectotherms

Reptiles Reproduction: Internal fertilization and can lay eggs on land due to the evolution of the amniotic egg

Amniotic Egg Amnion: fluid that cushions embryo Shell: leathery shell Yolk: food source for embryo Allantois: wastes are excreted into this Chorion: allows gas exchange Egg tooth: horny tooth that helps hatch the egg

Birds Examples: pelican, penguin, blue jay Respiration: lungs and air sacs for extra oxygen for flight Temp Regulation: Endotherm (internally regulates body temp so it is constant) Reproduction: internal fertilization and lay amniotic egg with a hard shell, must incubate eggs Characteristics to Fly: hollow bones for flight, feathers are lightweight, wings, one urogenital orphus

Birds Circulation: 4 chambered heart (one side pumps oxygen-poor blood to lungs the other side pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body)

Mammals Must haves to be a mammal: Hair Mammary glands that secrete milk to nurse young Diaphragm to expand and contract chest cavity to get more oxygen Specialized teeth (ex. Molars, canines, incisors) Can learn!

Mammals Temp Regulation: Endotherms, maintain fairly constant body temperature Circulation: 4 chambered heart the oxygenated blood is kept separate from the deoxygenated blood Respiration: Diaphragm – sheet of muscle located beneath the lungs that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity

Mammals Why is HAIR important? Insulation Waterproofing Conserves body heat Mammals cool off by panting and sweating

Mammals Mammals are classified into 3 groups based on their method of reproduction 1.Placental Mammals 2.Marsupials 3.Monotremes

Placental Mammals Carries baby in the mother’s uterus until development is almost complete Placenta provides food for the baby, allows gas exchange, and removes waste 95% of mammals are placental

Marsupials After a baby has grown to a certain size, the mom carries the baby inside a pouch made of skin and hair on the outside of the mom’s body Most are found in Australia

Monotremes Reproduces by laying eggs Found only in Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea 3 species of monotremes alive today (platypus, spiny anteater and long- beaked echidna