1. Vertebrates

2. Vertebrate Characteristics Endoskeleton Vertebrae Integument Gills & Lungs _____________ circulatory system Digestive Tract _____________ remove nitrogen waste Brain Sexual reproduction

3. Phylum Chordata Notochord Dorsal hollow nerve cord Pharyngeal pouches Post anal tail These are present at some time in the developmental process

4. General Characteristics Vertebral column Cranium Closed circulatory system Neural crest Internal organs Endoskeleton

5. Vertebrate Classes Agnatha – Jawless fish Chondrichthyes – Cartilage and unique scales Osteichthyes – bony fish Amphibia – double life (aquatic and land) Reptilia – egg layers Aves – wing Mammalia – hair and mammary gland

6. Evolution of the Jaw

7. The Fishes Jawless  Cartilaginous  Calcified Bone Life in Water – Streamline body – Dense tail muscle – Gill  lung – Swim bladder Homeostasis – Kidney function Sensory Functions – Lateral line system

8. Agnatha Jawless fish Lack paired fins No plates or scales Cartilage No swim bladder _______________________ Ectothermic External fertilization ________ chambered heart Gills Examples - Hagfish and Lamprey

9. Chondrichthyes Cartilage skeleton ______________________ Paired fins No swim bladder Lateral line Ectothermic Internal fertilization _______ chambered heart Gills Triangular teeth Shark, Ray, Skate

10. Osteichthyes Bony fish Lateral line _________ chambered heart Lung swim bladder ________________ with gills Scales Paired fins Ectothermic External fertilization Spawning Examples - Lobe and Ray fins

11. Amphibia Ectothermic Gills  lungs ______________________ Respiration Protection __________ chambered heart Separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood Bony skeleton Digestive system External fertilization Metamorphosis

12. Evolution 370 million years ago Lobed fin moved over land Challenges – Water availability – Air temperature – New habitats – Climate shifts

13. Orders of Amphibians – Urodela – salamander – Anura – frogs and toads – Apoda - caecilians

17. Reptilia Evolved from amphibians – Greater modifications – Cortex region of brain – ________ chambered heart w/ partial divided ventricle Water freedom – Water tight skin – Copulatory organ – Kidney – ___________________________

18. The Amniotic Egg

19. Orders – Crocodilia Crocodile Alligator – Chelonia Turtles – Squamata Lizards and Snakes

20. Aves Evolved from ___________ – Only 150 million years ago Horny keratinized beak, scaly leg, egg laying Feathers Wing Strong muscles ________________________ _________ chambered heart Endothermic Migration

21. Mammalia Origin from small, hairless reptile Traits Increased Brain capacity _________________________ Hair Dentition for dietary habits __________ chambered heart _________________________ Endothermic

22. Orders – ________________________ Duckbilled platypus Spiny anteater – ________________________ Pouched animals Australia and New Zealand – ________________________ Young nourished within uterus placenta