U.S. Goes International & Involvement in World Affairs Eusner/Gaffney VUS 9a-b

Why did the United States abandon her traditional isolationist foreign policy? Creation of international markets Open Door Policy: Secretary of State John Hay proposed a policy that would give all nations equal trading rights in China. Growth in international trade occurred from the late 1800s to World War I—the first era of a true “global economy.” VUS-9a

Spanish American War- Feb Dec USS Maine, Who is responsible? Rough Rides-San Juan Hill U.S. Civilizing the world Yellow Journalism?(sensationalize an event)

How did the United States expand her influence in the world? Latin America Dollar diplomacy: President Taft urged American banks and businesses to invest in Latin America. He promised that the United States would step in if unrest threatened their investments. Spanish American War Puerto Rico was annexed by the United States. The United States asserted her right to intervene in Cuban affairs. Great White Fleet

Panama Canal Theodore Roosevelt saw the need for the canal & promoted the construction of the canal. The United States encouraged Panama’s independence from Colombia. The parties negotiated a treaty to build the canal. Ten years & $380 million to build canal Link the Atlantic & Pacific Ocean

Asia and the Pacific Hawaii: U.S. efforts to depose Hawaii’s monarchy; U.S. annexation of Hawaii- US- Roosevelt had met with Lorrin Thurston, architect of the Hawaiian monarchy overthrow, the dominant figure in the annexation strategy. With support of the Philippine effort in mind, Roosevelt arranged for the Hawaii government to quietly buy up all the available coal in Hawaii and stockpile it next to Honolulu harbor. Four square blocks were piled eight feet high with coal to fuel the trans-Pacific voyages of troop ships. Philippines: Annexed by U.S. after the Spanish American War- The United States had just fought and won a war with Spain, and, as a prize, was awarded "ownership" of the Philippines, which had previously been a Spanish possession. However, many of the native Philippine people felt that they should have an independent country, and not be ruled by a foreign power (they didn't much care for the changing of their master, just that it was still an overlord). Open Door Policy: Urged all foreigners in China to obey Chinese law, observe fair competition

“Well I Hardly Know Which to Take First”

Why did the United States become involved in World War I? The war began in Europe in 1914 when Germany and Austria-Hungary went to war with Britain, France, and Russia. For three years, America remained neutral(Monroe Doctrine?), and there was strong sentiment not to get involved in a European war.(Isolationism) VUS-9b Archduke Ferdinand assassinated in Serbia!

The decision to enter the war was the result of continuing German submarine warfare (violating freedom of the seas) and American ties to Great Britain. Zimmerman Telegram 1917 diplomatic proposal from the German Empire to Mexico to make war against the United States. The proposal was caught by the British before it could get to Mexico. Unrestricted warfare Sinking of the Lusitania(100+US citizen die) Newspaper ad

Americans wanted to “make the world safe for democracy.” (Woodrow Wilson) America’s military resources of soldiers and war materials tipped the balance of the war and led to Germany’s defeat. Chemical Warfare Trench Warfare First Tanks Machine Gun

Trench System

How did visions of the postwar world differ? Fourteen Points- (Woodrow Wilson) Wilson’s plan to eliminate the causes of war Key points Self-determination (independent countries determine their own form of government) Freedom of the seas (Free Trade & Open Seas/Oceans) League of Nations (intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War) Mandate system (territories transferred from the control of one country to another example Iran/Palestine/Iraq)

Treaty of Versailles The French and English insisted on punishment of Germany.(Reparations $33 billion) A League of Nations was created.(U.S. never joins…League of Nations folds after 2 years) National boundaries were redrawn, creating many new nations.

League of Nations debate in United States Objections to United States foreign policy decisions being made by an international organization, not by U.S. leaders The Senate’s failure to approve the Treaty of Versailles (treaty is weak….. Hitler comes to power……Treaty of Versailles is a direct Cause of World War II)