1. From Industrial Growth to Imperialism SOL: VUS.8/9

2. Westward movement (VUS.8a) After Civil War, many moved west. Why? ▫ Homestead Act (1862) gave Free Land; new technology like railroad and Mechanical reaper made it easier ▫ Southerners and African Americans were looking for Opportunities after Civil War; ▫ Cowboys drove cattle over the open Range

3. Impact on American Indians? Loss of Land on US? New States in the area between the Mississippi River and Pacific Ocean

4. Immigrants flock to America Old Immigrants (pre-1871) New Immigrants (1871 – 1921) Northern and Western Europe Southern & Eastern Europe & Asia Seeking Freedom and Better lives for their Families

5. The New Immigrants Arrived at Ellis Island, moved to Ethnic neighborhoods (like Little Italy) but soon began to Assimilate into the “Melting Pot” by learning English, becoming Citizens and going to Public Schools

6. Contributions Contributed to Industrial growth by working for Low pay and in Hazardous working conditions: ▫ Chinese built Railroads; ▫ Slavs, Italians worked in Coal mines; ▫ others in Textile and Steel mills & the clothing industry in NYC

7. Reactions Native-born citizens resented immigrants due to Religious and Cultural differences and willingness to work for Low pay and passed laws to Limit Immigration like the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) and the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921

8. Growth of Cities Cities like New York, Chicago, and Pittsburgh were centers for Manufacturing and Transportation; provided Jobs in Factories but also full of Tenements and Slums Needed Sewage and Water systems & public transportation like Subways(NYC) and Streetcars (NN)

9. Technological Change (VUS.8b) = Cheap Labor + Government policies + Natural Resources

10. New Inventions

11. Big Businessmen

12. Discrimination and segregation against African Americans (VUS.8c) Jim Crow laws limited African American freedoms in the South and crimes like Lynchings were directed against them, so they looked to the Court for help; but in Plessy v. Ferguson, the court ruled in favor of “Separate but Equal”, so many began to move to the North in the “Great Migration”.

13. Responses Ida B. Wells (Anti - Lynching campaign) WEB Du Bois (political equality; formed NAACP) Booker T. Washington (vocational education & Economic Success)

14. The Progressive Movement (VUS.8d)  used Government to reform Problems created by Industrialization; led by Theodore Roosevelt (Square Deal) & Woodrow Wilson (New Freedom)

15. Causes of the Progressive Movement = Income Disparity + Bad Working conditions Goals of Progressive Movement Accomplishments of Progressive Movement Government controlled by People Referendum, Initiative, Recall, Secret Ballot, Direct Election of Senators (17th Amendment) Women’s Suffrage (19th Amendment)

16. Progressive Movement Goals of Progressive Movement Accomplishments of Progressive Movement Guaranteed economic opportunity through government regulation Child labor laws; Labor Unions (Knights of Labor; American Federation of Labor; American Railway Union, International Garment Workers Union) Strikes (Haymarket Square, Homestead & Pullman) Limited work hours & regulated working conditions; Sherman & Clayton Anti-T rust Laws

17. Progressives Goals of Progressive Movement Accomplishments of Progressive Movement Elimination of social injustice Women encouraged to enter Workforce during World War I

18. Creation of International Markets (VUS.9a) = need for Markets & Materials Asia and the Pacific ▫ U.S. deposed Hawaiian monarchy and annexed Hawaii ▫ US annexed the Philippines after the Spanish- American War ▫ Open Door Policy:  Proposed by Sec. of State J. Hay  Gave all nations equal trade rights in China  Urged all foreigners in China to obey Chinese law, observe fair competition

19. Latin America Spanish American War – US ▫annexed Puerto Rico ▫asserted the right to intervene in Cuban affairs. US (Theodore Roosevelt) encouraged Panama’s independence from Colombia & negotiated a treaty to build the Panama Canal. Dollar Diplomacy – President Taft urged Americans to invest in Latin America & promised that the US would protect their investments.