A Nation Divided The Eve of War (Take notes on the following slides)

Names for Sides North Union United States of America Federals U.S.A South Confederacy Confederate States of America CSA

Flag North Stars and Stripes South Stars and Bars Separate Battle & State Flags

Population North 22,350,000 South 9,100,000 3,900,000 were slaves

Industries North 92% of the Nation’s Industries were in the North South Very little industrial development, mostly an agrarian (farming) economy

Railroads Mileage North 75% of the nation’s RR track were in the North South Significantly fewer railroads were in the South

Financial Resources North Had 75% of the nation’s wealth Banking Manufacturing Shipping South Most of the wealth was in land and slaves

Leadership North Abraham Lincoln Had extensive experience as a lawyer Limited experience in Congress No military experience South Jefferson Davis Had been senator from Miss. Secretary of war Military experience during the Mexican War

Generals North Most were West Point graduates Few union generals were effective in leading Unions armies until U.S. Grant’s rise during South General Robert E. Lee Perhaps the South’s greatest advantage Brilliant, bold military leaders from Virginia Military Institute (VMI) West Point Other academies

Strategies North Bring the South back into the Union ASAP Never recognize the South’s independence or its “right” to leave the Union Strangle the South with a naval blockade (Anaconda Plan)

Strategies South Fight a defensive war until the Union no longer has the will to fight Stress how secession is same thing as the 13 colonies pulling out of the British empire in 1776 Capture Washington, D.C.

Capital North Washington, D.C. South Montgomery, Alabama for awhile Richmond, Virginia

Naval Power North Large navy which grew even larger as the war progressed South Virtually no navy at the start of the war

Cause for Fighting North To preserve the Union at first Later the emancipation (freeing) of the slaves South To gain independence To save the “Southern Way of Life” including slavery States Rights

Names for troops North Federals Yanks Billy Yanks Yankees South Rebels Rebs Confederates Graybacks Butternuts Johnnies

Intangibles (strengths & weaknesses) North Battles fought away from home

North Battles fought away from home Less skills in the military arts Intangibles (strengths & weaknesses)

North Battles fought away from home Less skills in the military arts Thousands of immigrants fighting for no purpose that made sense to them Intangibles (strengths & weaknesses)

North Battles fought away from home Less skills in the military arts Thousands of immigrants fighting for no purpose that made sense to them Farm acreage 65% of crops were wheat and corn Intangibles (strengths & weaknesses)

North Battles fought away from home Less skills in the military arts Thousands of immigrants fighting for no purpose that made sense to them Farm acreage 65% of crops were wheat and corn Divided politically Intangibles (strengths & weaknesses)

South Traditionally protecting their homes and way of life

South Traditionally protecting their homes and way of life Fought on their own land, which they knew better than their opponents Intangibles (strengths & weaknesses)

South Traditionally protecting their homes and way of life Fought on their own land, which they knew better than their opponents Military tradition- nearly every male citizen skilled in riding horses and using rifles skillfully Intangibles (strengths & weaknesses)

South Traditionally protecting their homes and way of life Fought on their own land, which they knew better than their opponents Military tradition- nearly every male citizen skilled in riding horses and using rifles skillfully Violence was a traditional aspect of Southern society Intangibles (strengths & weaknesses)

South Traditionally protecting their homes and way of life Fought on their own land, which they knew better than their opponents Military tradition- nearly every male citizen skilled in riding horses and using rifles skillfully Violence was a traditional aspect of Southern society Strong military tradition-Many Army and Navy officers were recruited Intangibles (strengths & weaknesses)

Civil War 29:20 minutes into video #2