Chapter 2 Copyright ©2009 by Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 2 CHAPTER Perception of Self and Others Prepared by David Ferrell, B-Books, Ltd. Designed by Amy McGuire, B-Books, Ltd. COMM Verderber, Verderber, and Sellnow

Chapter 2 Copyright ©2009 by Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Learning Outcomes Discuss the perception process Examine self-perceptions and how they affect communication Examine what determines our perception of others Describe how we perceive messages LO 1 LO 2 LO 3 LO 4

Chapter 1 Copyright ©2009 by Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved 3 LO 1 Discuss the perception process. The Perception Process

Chapter 2 Copyright ©2009 by Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 The process of selectively attending to information and assigning meaning to it. The Perception Process The Perception Process LO 1

Chapter 2 Copyright ©2009 by Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 ► Perception process ► Perceptions of self ► Perceptions of others ► Perceptions of messages Perception LO 1

Chapter 2 Copyright ©2009 by Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 The Perception Process  Step #1: Attention and selection – Needs – Interests – Expectations  Step #2: Organization of stimuli – Simplicity – Pattern  Step #3: Interpretation of stimuli LO 1

Chapter 1 Copyright ©2009 by Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved 7 LO 2 Perception of Self: Self-Concept and Self-Esteem Examine self- perceptions and how they affect communication.

Chapter 2 Copyright ©2009 by Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Perceptions of Self  Self-concept –Self-perceptions –Others’ responses and reactions  Self-esteem –Social construction of self –Self-monitoring LO 2

Chapter 2 Copyright ©2009 by Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 Accuracy of Perceptions of Self  The accuracy of your self-concept and self- esteem depends on the accuracy of your own perceptions and how you process others’ perceptions of you. –Self-fulfilling prophecies LO 2

Chapter 2 Copyright ©2009 by Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 Perceptions of Self & Communication Your self-concept and self-esteem influences the way you communicate.  How you talk to yourself –Positive self-talk –Negative self-talk  How you talk about yourself –Positive communication –Negative communication LO 2

Chapter 2 Copyright ©2009 by Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Culture & Communication Your culture plays a big role in your self-concept and self-esteem.  Type of culture –Individualistic culture –Collectivist culture  Gender expectations LO 2

Chapter 1 Copyright ©2009 by Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved 12 Examine what determines our perception of others. Perception of Others LO 3

Chapter 2 Copyright ©2009 by Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 How do we manage the uncertainty involved in our encounters with others? Perception of Others Perception of Others LO 3

Chapter 2 Copyright ©2009 by Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 14 Perception of Others Cont. Uncertainty reduction – the process of monitoring the social environment to learn more about self and others.  Stereotypes –Prejudice –Discrimination LO 3

Chapter 2 Copyright ©2009 by Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 15 Perception of Others Cont.  Emotional states –Mood –Selective perceptions LO 3

Chapter 2 Copyright ©2009 by Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 Improving Social Perceptions  Question the accuracy of your perceptions.  Seek more information to verify your perceptions.  Realize that perceptions change over time. LO 3

Chapter 1 Copyright ©2009 by Cengage Learning Inc. All rights reserved 17 Describe how we perceive messages. Perception of Messages LO 4

Chapter 2 Copyright ©2009 by Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 There are three factors in the message perception process. Perception of Messages LO 4

Chapter 2 Copyright ©2009 by Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 Perception of Messages  Context rules  Shared language  Encoding and decoding messages LO 4

Chapter 2 Copyright ©2009 by Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 20 Perception Check  A message that reflects your understanding of the meaning of another person’s nonverbal behavior –Watch the behavior. –Ask yourself, “What does this behavior mean to me?” –Verify your perception. LO 4