Early American Colonies

How the colonies are alike Most immigrated from England Spoke a common language Similar culture Expected to provide England with raw goods (food, tobacco, lumber, naval stores, deer hides) Had to purchase finished products from England

How the colonies are different

New England

New Hampshire New Hampshire Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay Rhode Island Rhode Island Connecticut Connecticut

Climate Cold Cold Rocky soil, hilly land Rocky soil, hilly land Short growing season Short growing season

People Mostly English Mostly English Very few enslaved Africans Very few enslaved Africans Household servants, laborers, skilled and semiskilled workers Household servants, laborers, skilled and semiskilled workers

Economy fishing, sea trade, shipbuilding, shipping, blacksmiths, coopers, silversmiths, furniture makers fishing, sea trade, shipbuilding, shipping, blacksmiths, coopers, silversmiths, furniture makers small farms for family use small farms for family use

Religion Puritans – very religious! Puritans – very religious! Most colonies here were founded for religious reasons Most colonies here were founded for religious reasons

Education School laws School laws The ability to read the Bible was vital. The ability to read the Bible was vital.

Cities Small towns Small towns Port cities Port cities Boston, Providence, Newport Boston, Providence, Newport

Middle Atlantic

New York New Jersey Delaware Pennsylvania

Climate Temperate Longer growing season Fertile soil

People Most diverse of the colonies –English, Dutch, German Some enslaved Africans

Economy Farming  considered the breadbasket (wheat, oats, corn) Mining (iron, other minerals) Factories Timber for ships, barrels, wagons

Religion Diverse – Quakers, Catholics, Lutherans, Jews

Education No school laws Private tutors Church schools

Cities Largest cities of the colonies –Philadelphia –New York

Southern

Southern Virginia Virginia Maryland Maryland North Carolina North Carolina South Carolina South Carolina Georgia Georgia

Climate On the coastal plain On the coastal plain Warm to hot Warm to hot Inland  fertile, dry soil Inland  fertile, dry soil Coast  poor, wet soil Coast  poor, wet soil

People Mostly English and Scots- Irish with a few groups of Scots and German Mostly English and Scots- Irish with a few groups of Scots and German Enslaved Africans (over 30% of local populations) Enslaved Africans (over 30% of local populations)

Economy Agrarian (farming) Agrarian (farming) –Numerous small farms –Plantations – large farm built to produce one cash crop with high continuous demand  VA, MD – tobacco  GA, SC – rice, indigo timber timber

Religion Many religions represented Many religions represented –Mostly Anglican, Presbyterian

Education No school laws No school laws Very few schools and most had no education Very few schools and most had no education Wealthy Wealthy –Private tutors –Sent to private schools

Cities Few towns and cities Few towns and cities Charleston – only major city Charleston – only major city

Georgia  How did it compare?

Climate  Summer heat  Biting insects  Strange plants and animals – alligator, opossum, buffalo, raccoon, rattlesnake

People  Immigrants from many countries England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland, France

Economy  Agrarian

Religion  Variety – Anglicans, Jews, Lutherans, Moravians, Baptists, Presbyterians

Education  Very little education  Most had none  Wealthy had tutors or private school

Cities  Small communities far apart  Savannah  Augusta

War with France

1754  Great Britain and France went to war.  The war started in North America then spread to Europe

French and Indian War  Called this by colonists because so many Indians fought with France against the British  Most fighting was way north of Georgia  Spain joined France but the British won

Treaty of Paris  France gave up claims to Canada and all territory EAST of the Mississippi River except New Orleans  Spain gave up Florida  Georgia’s western boundary became the Mississippi River

Problem  what to do with the new territory  the war cost Great Britain lots of money

Proclamation of 1763  4 new territories were created  Quebec  Grenada  East Florida  West Florida  Georgia’s southern boundary was extended to the St. Mary’s River  All lands west of the Appalachian Mts. were reserved for Indians