Changes the Catholic Church made to itself

 Protestants weren’t the only ones unhappy with the Catholic Church  Some Catholics worked on the Counter Reformation  internal changes to the Catholic Church

 Giralamo Savanarola: Preached about the abuses of the church in the 1400’s  Called for the Church to melt silver & gold to pay to feed the hungry  Convinced his followers to burn jewelry & trinkets in an enormous fire  Bonfire of the Vanities  Church allowed him to work at first  eventually he was excommunicated & had him executed in 1498

The Jesuits:  Others worked to reform the church by putting new emphasis on spirituality and service  called the Society of Jesus (aka Jesuits)  Founded in 1534 by Ignatius of Loyola (former soldier)  Ran the organization like the military  emphasis on obedience to the church

 Charles Borromeo – archbishop of Milan – builds schools that are designed just to educate priests  Frances of Sales – does missionary work – wants to educate women – if you educate women they will teach their children to be better Catholics

 Took place on and off for 16 years  Catholic Church officials led by Pope Paul III  Goals of the council :  are to look at what the Protestants are complaining about in regards to the Catholic Church  Second goal – to simplify church teachings  Church admitted cardinals, bishops, etc. were corrupt and decided to look into it

 Decided to start training priests – to try to end financial abuse and get everyone on the same page  To end financial abuse they decide to get rid of indulgences  At the end of the Council meetings they publically renounced the Protestant beliefs of individual spirituality and self-discipline

 There is no resolution between the two religious groups (Protestants and Catholics)  The Council was successful in creating renewed interest in the Catholic Church  They end up establishing colleges and universities (669 catholic colleges and universities in Europe by the 1700’s)

 Life before the Renaissance: clean, cook, taking care of children and the house…She IS NOT reading, writing or traveling – life is not so good  After the Renaissance – women begin to play a role in the church – Nuns would take care of children, the sick and the poor

Company of St. Ursula – group of women that teach girls how to do house work, cooking, a bit of health care – basically how to be a mother Visitation of Holy Mary – group of schools that train women to become teachers – they are teaching basic lower level education Mary Ward – she designs a network (group) of schools for girls – the Church does not like this says she is radical and dangerous

 Teresa de Avila – she decides that Church policies are too lenient and relaxed so she makes reforms of her own and starts the Carmelite Order. They are very strict and live a very simple life

The Church court that questions people they think are breaking church laws example:  Martin Luther, Protestants, heretics, accused witches (usually people who were more in touch with nature than religion)

There is no trial – they just try to make people confess to whatever they are accused of They get people to confess through torture (think witch trials)

They use books to pinpoint people they think are breaking church law Index of Forbidden Books :  list of books the Catholic Church says you cannot read – you will go to hell and lose your soul if you read one of these books

 Religious:  Protestants use the Inquisition to make the point that the Catholic Church is still not good (that no changes have been made)  persecution (punishing, torturing, etc.) of religious beliefs, Protestants in Europe decide to leave because of persecution –move throughout Europe then they go to North America (Puritans, Pilgrims, Quakers)  Different branches of Protestant: Lutheran, Anabaptist, Calvinists, Anglican – paves the way for religious freedom, particularly in the United States

 Social:  Catholics and Protestants do not like Jews and Muslims  Told Muslims in Spain – convert to Christianity, or leave Spain or die  Jewish communities – confined to ghettos  stripped of possessions & dignity  Created tensions between religious groups throughout Europe  led to lots of fighting & wars