Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 How Does Cognitive Psychology Explain Learning? According to cognitive psychology, some forms of learning must be explained.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Advertisements

Cognitive Learning Objective: Describe how conditioning has a cognitive component through notes and discussion.
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Psychology in Action (8e) by Karen Huffman PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation Chapter.
Learning – Operant Conditioning AP Psychology Chapter 6.
$100 $400 $300$200$400 $200$100$100$400 $200$200$500 $500$300 $200$500 $100$300$100$300 $500$300$400$400$500.
Introduction to Psychology, 7th Edition, Rod Plotnik Module 9: Classical Conditioning Module 9 Classical Conditioning.
Lecture Overview Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Cognitive-Social Learning The Biology of Learning Using Conditioning & Learning Principles.
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING
SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT 1. RATIO SCHEDULES PROVIDE A REWARD AFTER A CERTAIN NUMBER OF RESPONSES (RATIO = NUMBER) 2. INTERVAL SCHEDULES PROVIDE REWARD.
Reinforcement Schedules Intermittent Reinforcement: A type of reinforcement schedule by which some, but not all, correct responses are reinforced. Intermittent.
AP Psychology Social and Cognitive Learning. Cognitive Learning Cognitive theorist argue that CC / OC have a cognitive component Pavlov’s contiguity model.
Key Questions  What sort of learning does Classical Conditioning explain?  How do we learn new behaviors by operant conditioning?  How does cognitive.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 How Does Cognitive Psychology Explain Learning? According to cognitive psychology, some forms of learning must be explained.
LEARNING Psychology. DEFINITION Learning is defined: ◦_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________.
Learning Orange Group. Classical conditioning- a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. ex: Dog salivate to food Bell rings-No.
Learning Part II. Overview Habituation Classical conditioning Instrumental/operant conditioning Observational learning.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 6 Learning This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited.
Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, and Observational Learning Learning Conditioning Watson Thorndike Behavior Reinforcement Skinner Operants.
Chapter 6 Learning Learning Learning – A process through which experience produces lasting change in behavior or mental processes Habituation – Learning.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 6 Learning This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited.
Learning Theories Learning To gain knowledge, understanding, or skill, by study, instruction, or experience.
HOW DO WE LEARN? Conditioning –process of learning associations  Classical conditioning- we learn to associate two stimuli and anticipate events. In classical.
1 The Learning Perspective: How the Environment Influences Behavior.
Cognitive Learning Theory - Tolman Observational Learning - Bandura
Learning Review Flashcards for Terms on the Test.
Learning. A. Introduction to learning 1. Why do psychologists care about learning? 2. What is and isn’t learning? IS: A relatively permanent change in.
Classical Conditioning I Classical Conditioning II.
LEARNING Semi-permanent change in behavior due to experiencehttp://psychology.about.com/library/quiz/bl_learning_quiz.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/library/quiz/bl_learning_quiz.htm.
Chapter 4 Learning (III) Cognitive Learning Principle of Contiguity: the association of events in time and space  Contiguity has been used to explain.
Learning Learning – A lasting change in behavior or mental processes that results from experience. No topic is closer to the heart of psychology. Shapes.
Introduction to Psychology, 7th Edition, Rod Plotnik Module 10: Operant & Cognitive Approaches Module 10 Operant & Cognitive Approaches.
1. What is “insight” learning? A mental process marked by the sudden and expected solution to a problem Often called the “ah-ha!” experience.
Learning Review Chapter 6. O Identify the father of classical conditioning and the father of operant conditioning. 1. Ivan Pavlov 2. BF Skinner.
Cognitive Learning Models. Kohler: Insight Learning Wolfgang Kohler –Disenchanted with behaviorists explanation for learning –Believed that cognition,
Observational learning Modeling We learn from and examples. Higher animals, especially humans, learn through observing others’ experiences and imitation.
Learning Chapter 4. What Is Learning? Learning – any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice. –When people learn.
Unit 6: Learning.
Learning 7-9% of the AP Psychology exam. Thursday, December 3 Sit with your group from yesterday’s test review!
Thought Process: Watson and Skinner thought learning was from environment. Cognitive theorist interpreted learning as a thinking process.
Observational Learning Do as I say, not as I do…. Learning by watching others.
WHS AP Psychology Unit 5: Learning (Behaviorism) Essential Task 5-5: Describe the essential characteristics of insight learning, latent learning, and observational.
Learning and the mind. Objectives: the Student Will Describe a cognitive map and explain who Edward Tolman is describe social learning & observational.
Observational Learning (AKA: Social Learning Theory)
CHAPTER 8 Learning. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience Adaptability  Our capacity to learn new behaviors that allow.
Cognitive Learning Module 29. Cognitive Influences on Learning  1950s  Incorporate the study of the role of cognition on learning  Learning is impacted.
Learning. Learning Processes Classical conditioning Behaviorism Operant conditioning.
Psychology in Action (8e) PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation Chapter 6: Learning 1.
Unit 6: Learning. How Do We Learn? Learning = a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience.
Operant Conditioning Also known as… instrumental conditioning.
Ch. 9 Social Learning. Latent Learning: Latent learning Latent literally means hidden, and latent learning is learning that becomes obvious only once.
Chapter 5 Learning. What is Learning?  A relatively permanent change in behavior that results from experience  Learning is adaptive  Three major types.
Other considerations in operant conditioning Cognitive Maps Latent Learning The Overjustification Effect and Intrinsic/Extrinsic Motivation Learned Helplessness.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 6 Learning This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited.
Chapter 6 LEARNING. Learning Learning – A process through which experience produces lasting change in behavior or mental processes. Behavioral Learning.
Learning. Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning.
Contemporary Views of Operant Conditioning
AP Psychology Unit: Learning.
Classical Conditioning
Unit 6 Operant Conditioning: Expanding Skinner’s Understanding
Unit: Learning.
LEARNING A systematic, relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience. 2 types: 1. Associative learning: occurs when we make a.
Chapter 7 (D): Operant Conditioning: Expanding Skinner’s Understanding
Cognitive Learning and the Role of Biology and Culture in Learning
Reinforcement Schedules
Psychology in Action (8e) by Karen Huffman
Psychology in Action (8e) by Karen Huffman
Good Morning! Simple Warm up this morning:
How Does Cognitive Psychology Explain Learning?
Unit 5: Learning (Behaviorism)
A.P. Psychology 6.3 Oct. 25th Objective:
Presentation transcript:

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 How Does Cognitive Psychology Explain Learning? According to cognitive psychology, some forms of learning must be explained as changes in mental processes, rather than as changes in behavior alone

I CAN Distinguish the characteristics of Cognitive Learning from that of the Behavioral Learning perspectives

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Insight Learning – Problem solving occurs by means of a sudden reorganization of perceptions.. suddenly perceiving familiar objects in new forms or relationships Cognitive Maps – A mental representation of physical space How Does Cognitive Psychology Explain Learning?

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Wolfgang Köhler and Insight Learning Example: chimp stacks crates to reach food This is a form of cognitive learning Behaviorism has no convincing stimulus-response explanation for Kohler’s demonstration.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Köhler observed the manner in which chimpanzees solve problems, such as that of retrieving bananas when positioned out of reach. He found that they stacked wooden crates to use as makeshift ladders, in order to retrieve the food. Köhler concluded that the chimps had not arrived at these methods through trial- and-error (which Thorndike had claimed to be the basis of all animal learning, through his law of effect) Rather they had experienced an insight (also known as an “aha experience”), in which, having realized the answer, they then proceeded to carry it out in a way that was “purposeful.”

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Edward Tolman’s Cognitive Map Organisms learn the spatial layout of their environments by exploration, even if they are not reinforced for exploring (Evolutionary perspective: Animals forging for food)

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Argued that is was a cognitive map that accounted for a rat quickly selecting an alternative route in a maze when the preferred path was blocked Challenged the work of Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner Claimed learning was mental, not behavioral. Edward Tolman’s Cognitive Map

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Examples of Cognitive Maps Giving directions Walking through your house in the dark

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Observational Learning: Bandura’s Challenge to Behaviorism A form of cognitive learning We learn by watching others’ behavior and the consequences of their behavior Albert Bandura: Proposed that rewards can be effective if we merely see someone else get them

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Observational Learning Accounts for such things as the rapid spread of clothing fashions and slang expressions

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Bandura’ Bobo Doll Experiment 1961 Bandura found that the children exposed to the aggressive model were more likely to act in physically aggressive ways than those who were not exposed to the aggressive model.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 The Bobo Doll Experiment Video Albert Bandura

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Children See, Children Do

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Recent Cognitive Psychologists Findings Rescorla Has shown that the most critical feature of a CS is its value in predicting when the US will occur – EX: Taste aversion- a certain flavor/smell could server as a warning for illness Kamin Expanded on this concept and demonstrated that a CS - R connection only occurs if the CS contains unique information about the UCS – When presents with multiple possible CS, a subject will only become conditioned to the one that provided the best info EX: Flu=eat Taco Bell food or smells become the CS CS is not the Taco Bell sign, the colors blue, pink, and purple, bells, fountain drink stations, etc…

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Summary Reinforcement changes not only the behavior but also the individual’s expectations for future rewards and punishments in similar situations. Reinforcement changes expectations and behavior

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Brain Mechanisms and Learning Long-term Potentiation Biological process involving the strengthening of synapses in groups of nerve cells; believed to be the neural basis of learning Dopamine a “reward neurotransmitter” is released in mammals w/ Operant Conditioning. Continuous Reinforcement of behavior releases dopamine, which brings pleasure and strengthens the neural pathway associated with that behavior, making a LASTING behavior

Can I? Distinguish the characteristics of Cognitive Learning from that of the Behavioral Learning perspectives

Feedback: Privacy Policy Feedback
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
About project: SlidePlayer Terms of Service

© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc. All rights reserved.