1. Chapter 7 (D): Operant Conditioning: Expanding Skinner’s Understanding
A.P. Psychology

2. Do-Now (Questionnaire/In Journal)
Answer the Yes/No questions on Hand-Out 7-7: “Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire”
Tally up the Yes responses of odd and even numbers:
Sensitivity to Punishment:
Odd numbers: Higher scores representing higher sensitivity to punishment
Sensitivity to Reward:
Even numbers: Higher scores representing higher sensitivity to reward

3. Cognition and Operant Conditioning
Skinner acknowledged the role of one’s cognition on operant conditioning
Cognitive Map:
A mental representation of the layout of one’s environment
E.g. after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it

4. Cognition and Operant Conditioning
Latent Learning:
Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

5. Video Clip: Cognitive Maps
How does the rat use latent learning in pursuit of food, after its path has been blocked?

6. Cognition and Operant Conditioning
Can you think of an example when you experienced latent learning?

7. Cognition and Operant Conditioning
Insight:
A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem

8. Types of Motivation Intrinsic Motivation: Extrinsic Motivation:
A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake
Extrinsic Motivation:
A desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment

9. Types of Motivation
What is something that you are intrinsically motivated to do?
What is something that you are extrinsically motivated to do?
With which type of motivation is operant conditioning more effective?

10. “Consideration of Future Consequences Scale”
Answer the questions on Hand-Out 7-4: “Consideration of Future Consequences Scale”
Tally up the numbers of your responses:
Reverse the numbers that you gave in statements 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, and 12 (i.e., 1=5, 2=4, 3=3, 4=2, 5=1)
Next, add the numbers in front of all 12 items
The higher your score, the greater consideration you have for future consequences

11. Biology and Operant Conditioning
Biological constraints predispose organisms to learn associations that are naturally adaptive
Breland and Breland (1961) showed that animals drift toward their biologically predisposed instinctive behaviors
Marian Breland Bailey

12. Operant Vs. Classical Conditioning

13. Review Watson. . . Little Albert. . .
What is a cognitive map? How did rats use it in operant conditioning?
What is latent learning? Provide an example.
What is insight? What is its role in problem-solving?
What is the difference between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation?
In what ways do organisms’ biology influence operant conditioning?
Watson. . . Little Albert. . .

14. Homework
Chapter 7 D Quiz

15. True or False: 1.