Unit 1 Language Parts of Speech

Nouns A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea Common noun - general name Proper noun – specific name Concrete noun – name of something perceived by the senses Abstract noun – name of an idea, quality, or state Singular noun – one person, place, thing, or idea Plural noun – more than one person, place thing, or idea Collective noun – name of a group of people or things Compound noun – single noun formed from two or more words Possessive noun – noun that shows ownership or relationship

Pronouns A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or another pronoun. The word a pronoun stands for is called its antecedent. Personal pronouns change form. 1 st person I, me, we, us 2 nd person you, your, yours 3 rd person he, him, she, her, it, they, them Possessive pronouns show ownership or relationship.

Other kinds of pronouns Reflexive – reflects back upon the subject of its sentence or clause. Intensive – emphasizes a nouns or pronoun or pronoun in the same sentence Demonstrative – points out specific persons, places, things, or ideas. Indefinite – refers to unidentified persons, places, things, or ideas Interrogative – introduces a question Relative – introduces a subordinate clause

Verbs A verb is a word used to express action, condition, or a state of being. An action verb expresses a physical or mental action. An action verb that appears with a direct object is a transitive verb. An action verb without a direct object is an intransitive verb. A linking verb links the subject of a sentence to a word in the predicate. They can be forms of “be” or express conditions. Auxiliary or helping verbs are combined with verbs to form verb phrases.

Adjectives Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns. They limit the meaning of the words they modify. Adjectives tell what kind, which one, how many, or how much. Articles are the most common adjectives. Indefinite articles are “a” and “an” Definite article is “the” Proper adjectives are formed from proper nouns. They are capitalized and often end in -n,-an, - ian, -ese, or -ish.