Local Disaster Risk Reduction Action Plan (LDRRAP): Principles and Practice

Features of Local Level Disaster Risk Management (LDDRM) Approach Disaster risk reduction is the aim. Disaster risk reduction is the aim. Recognition the link between disaster risk management and the development process. Recognition the link between disaster risk management and the development process. Community and its key resources are considered. Community and its key resources are considered. Application of multi-sectoral and multi- disciplinary approaches. Application of multi-sectoral and multi- disciplinary approaches. An evolving and dynamic framework. An evolving and dynamic framework. Different people have different perceptions of risk. Different people have different perceptions of risk. Various community members/groups in the community have different vulnerabilities/ capacities. Various community members/groups in the community have different vulnerabilities/ capacities.

LDRRAP Principles 1.Risk are context specific 2.Risk are time bound 3.Action plan should be based on local resource based

Who are the LDRRAP participants? 1. Primary stakeholders: those who reside within the locality and are directly impacted by any hazard. (E.g. women, disable, farmers, fishers, landless and all disadvantaged groups of that locality). 2. Secondary stakeholders: may not be directly impacted but are involved in providing administrative and or legal support to them, and they may be affected (either positive or negatively) by decisions made by primary stakeholders.

Who are the LDRRAP participants? continued 3. Community people (from all major sections including the women, farmers, landless, persons with disability & civil society representatives); Contracted Sub-implementing agency (SIAs, as facilitators); 4. Local CBOs & NGOs; 5. Concerned Local Government Bodies; 6. Members of UDMCs &UzDMCs; and 7. Other Related Government Officials.

mahmud_ldrrap_ Value added through LDRRAP Communities are more aware of hazards and risk reduction Communities are more aware of hazards and risk reduction Enhanced capacity of communities to act as per appropriate risk reduction plan Enhanced capacity of communities to act as per appropriate risk reduction plan Enhanced capacity of Govt/Local Govt/NGOs to facilitate risk reduction options Enhanced capacity of Govt/Local Govt/NGOs to facilitate risk reduction options Contributed towards poverty reduction in compliance with PRS Contributed towards poverty reduction in compliance with PRS Strengthened women and marginal groups in matters of risk reduction Strengthened women and marginal groups in matters of risk reduction

Cross cutting Issues Multi-hazard approach Multi-hazard approach Gender perspective and cultural diversity Gender perspective and cultural diversity Community and volunteers participation Community and volunteers participation Capacity building and technological transfer. Capacity building and technological transfer.

Some Key Considerations in LDRRAP Pre-requisites for a Successful LDRRAP: Pre-requisites for a Successful LDRRAP: Practical knowledge on PRA Tools Practical knowledge on PRA Tools Updated Disaster Management Concept Updated Disaster Management Concept Mental setup towards community participation and its benefit Mental setup towards community participation and its benefit Rapport building capacity Rapport building capacity Knowledge on gender and socially disadvantaged people and the ways they are excluded from participation Knowledge on gender and socially disadvantaged people and the ways they are excluded from participation

Benefit of “Disaster-Proofing” development Disaster-proofing development has the capacity to transform ‘vicious spirals’ of failed development, risk accumulation and disaster losses (Figure A) Disaster-proofing development has the capacity to transform ‘vicious spirals’ of failed development, risk accumulation and disaster losses (Figure A)Into ‘virtuous spirals’ of development, risk reduction and effective disaster response (Figure B). ‘virtuous spirals’ of development, risk reduction and effective disaster response (Figure B).

Increased numbers of exposed people & assets. Low level hazards magnified by high vulnerability. Risk Accumulation  Inadequate early warning and preparedness.  Inappropriate land-use planning and construction standards.  Failure to include risk assessment in development projects and planning.  Failure to engage community in risk management. Household & government resources directed towards emergency relief & away from development, Preparedness & prevention. Disaster Losses  Direct impacts on building, infrastructure & stocks.  Human deaths and injury. Damage to the natural environment.  Indirect and systemic economic losses. Reduces capacity to cope with or adapt to risk. Increases human exposure to hazard and susceptibility to harm. By constraining the building of social or human capital and failing to encourage political participation within prevention work, opportunities for human development are missed. Failed Development High levels of poverty and inequality.  Food and livelihoods insecurity, inadequate health care, education and physical infrastructure.  Macro-economic decline and financial instability tied to uneven global trade and debt agreements.  Political crisis and violence. Limits resilience, weakening the base for emergency response. Stalls socio-economic development. Undermines or destroys livelihoods.

Lowers the exposure of people and assets. Reduces loss and the costs of emergency response. Risk reduction Effective early warning and preparedness, land-use planning and appropriate construction, risk assessment in development projects and planning, community based risk management, and asset protection through social safety nets. Preparedness and prevention built into recovery and reconstruction initiatives. Appropriate emergence response and reconstruction Humanitarian life saving; and working with communities to restore productive system and livelihoods, regain market access, and rebuild social capital human and physical/psychological health. Reduces human exposure to hazard and susceptibility to harm. By integrating the building of social or human capital and encouraging political participation within prevention work, development is enhanced. Development Poverty alleviation, food and livelihoods security, extending access to health and education, physical infrastructure, macro- economic growth and financial stability tied to global trade and political participation. Enhances resilience as a strong base for emergency response. Constrains secondary (e.g. health) and systemic impacts of disaster on livelihoods and the macro-economy.

Other specific steps to develop LDRRAP –Consensus among stakeholders (both primary and secondary) – Impact analysis of Risk Reduction Options o Political / Social o Technical / financial o Environmental o Sustainability

Other specific steps to develop LDRRAP Possible Gender and Social Inclusion Dimension Possible Gender and Social Inclusion Dimension o Defining Risk Environment (Develop criteria, Identify Hazards, Assess vulnerabilities, Analyze Risks, Evaluate risks and risk prioritization) o Managing Risk Environment (Participation, Risk reduction options, Prioritization of options, Implementation & monitoring)

Use of Local Disaster LDRRAP Used as local level development planning and preparation of projects for social safety net program Used as local level development planning and preparation of projects for social safety net program o resource allocation –priority given to areas vulnerable to disasters (yet to come into practice in full swing) o project selection for Food For Work (FFW), 100 days work in lean period and Cash For Work (CFW) o appropriate selection of roads, bridge, culverts, sluice gates, water management infrastructures, for road side tree plantation-by DOF, NGOs and so on.

Use of Local Disaster LDRRAP Used as inputs for developing UZ and District RRAPs Used as inputs for developing UZ and District RRAPs Used as tool to advocating at the local or national government level for policy change in favor of preventive action, or even measures to reinforce the livelihoods of the poorest in the community, hence their resources for self- protection. Examples- advocacy tool to BWDB, LGED, Education Facilities Department, Donors & civil society. Used as tool to advocating at the local or national government level for policy change in favor of preventive action, or even measures to reinforce the livelihoods of the poorest in the community, hence their resources for self- protection. Examples- advocacy tool to BWDB, LGED, Education Facilities Department, Donors & civil society.

Risk Reduction Action Plan OptionswhowhenHowwhereBudgetRemarks Union: Upazila: District: Structural options:

Risk Reduction Action Plan OptionswhowhenHowwhereBudgetRemarks Union: Upazila: District: all risk Structural options: