STANDARD 5 (PART 2) Daily Objective: Students will develop 5 Bloom questions that reflect their understanding of the causes and course of World War I – Recite 1

A type of combat in which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other. “Protection” from enemy fire. Being in the trenches did not ensure safety. “No man’s land” traded great loss of life for little territory gain. Made movement of troops difficult. New technology mixed with trench warfare just killed people more effectively.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare January of 1917, Germany announced that their subs would sink any ship in British waters without warning. President Wilson had already warned Germany in 1915 when a British passenger ship named the Lusitania was sunk Returned to policy in hopes of starving Britain with a naval blockade.

February German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman sent a telegram to Mexico. Stated that Germany would help Mexico take back lost land from the U.S if they allied with Germany. Last Straw! April 2, 1917 Wilson asked Congress to declare war.

World War I became a TOTAL WAR. Countries devoted all their resources towards the war effort. Wartime governments took control of the economy- told factories what to make and how much. Goods were in short supply so governments turned to rationing. People could buy only small amounts of specific items needed for war. Ration cards issued. Rationed: sugar, meat, butter, cheese, coffee, chocolate, and fruit. Also gas, oil, soap and textiles.

Propaganda- One-sided information designed to persuade and keep support for war. Often used with censorship. Many leaders feared bad news would change public support for the war.

Many women worked on the frontlines as nurses. Thousands of women replaced men in factories, offices, and shops. Built tanks, plowed fields, and ran hospitals. Kept troops supplied with food, clothing and weapons.

Economic hardships caused by the war forced Russian Czar Nicholas II to step down. Russian soldiers refused to keep fighting and mutinied. After the Russian Revolution, new leader, Vladimir Lenin, signed the Treaty of Brest- Litovsk, ending the war for Russia. The treaty allowed Germany to focus all of its attention to the Western Front (France). However, the event that most affected the outcome of WWI was American intervention.

By May, 1918, Germany again reached the Marne River. After 4 years of fighting, the German army was exhausted. With aid from 140,000 American troops, the Allies launched a counterattack. With the arrival of 2 million more American troops, the Allies began pushing towards Germany.

Bulgarians and Ottoman Turks surrendered first. Austria-Hungary was hit with a revolution. Germany- Soldiers mutinied and the public turned against the Kaiser. French Commander Marshal Foch met with a new German Republic representative in a railway car in Paris to sign the armistice. November 11, 1918, World War I came to an end. What is the difference between an armistice and a surrender?