Organization of the human body 1-Mar-16Introduction to Physiology1

Levels of structural organization The human body exhibits 6 levels of structural complexity : The human body exhibits 6 levels of structural complexity : 1.Chemical 2.Cellular 3.Tissue 4.Organs 5.System Level 6.Organismic Level

Levels of Structural Organization cont’d 1- Chemical level the simplest level of structural ladder the simplest level of structural ladder At this level atoms combine to form molecules such as water, sugar, & proteins At this level atoms combine to form molecules such as water, sugar, & proteins 1-Mar-16Introduction to Physiology3

Levels of Structural Organization cont’d 2- Cellular level the smallest functional/livin g units of living things. the smallest functional/livin g units of living things. 1-Mar-16Introduction to Physiology4

Levels of Structural Organization cont’d 3- Tissue level groups of similar cells that have a common function (4 basic types) groups of similar cells that have a common function (4 basic types) a.Epithelium b.Muscle c.Connective tissue d.nerve 1-Mar-16Introduction to Physiology5

Levels of Structural Organization cont’d 4- Organ level, an organ is a structure composed of 2 or more tissue types that performs a specific function. 4- Organ level, an organ is a structure composed of 2 or more tissue types that performs a specific function. 1-Mar-16Introduction to Physiology6

Organ level - consists of two or more types of primary tissues that function together to perform a particular function or functions Organ level - consists of two or more types of primary tissues that function together to perform a particular function or functions 1-Mar-16Introduction to Physiology7

–Example: Stomach »Inside of stomach lined with epithelial tissue »Wall of stomach contains smooth muscle »Nervous tissue in stomach controls muscle contraction and gland secretion »Connective tissue binds all the above tissues together 1-Mar-16Introduction to Physiology8

Levels of Structural Organization cont’d 5- Organ System is a group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose 5- Organ System is a group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose –each organ has its own job to do sometimes an organ is part of more than one system sometimes an organ is part of more than one system 1-Mar-16Introduction to Physiology9

Levels of Structural Organization cont’d 6- organismic level 6- organismic level Comprises of one living individual Comprises of one living individual represents the highest level of structural organization represents the highest level of structural organization consists of Groups of organs that perform related functions and interact to accomplish a common activity essential to survival of the whole body consists of Groups of organs that perform related functions and interact to accomplish a common activity essential to survival of the whole body Do not act in isolation from one another Do not act in isolation from one another –Human body has 11 systems 1-Mar-16Introduction to Physiology10

summary

1. Integumentary system 2. Nervous system 3. Skeletal system 4. Endocrine system 5. Muscular system 6. Cardiovascular system 7. Lymphatic system 8. Urinary system 9. Respiratory system 10. Digestive system 11. Reproductive system Body systems:The human body has 11 systems