NOUNS AND PRONOUNS Ms. Giammario

Noun is a word that names a person, place, thing or idea. Things—camera, cheetah, desk Persons—tourists, photographers, Chris Ideas—Surprise, suddenness, happiness Places—Game Preserve, Kenya, lake, city

Common or Proper?  –General name for a person, place or thing  –Usually not capitalized  –Examples: river, mountain, pilot  –Particular person, place, thing or idea  –ALWAYS capitalized  –Examples: Nile, Mt. Kenya, Charles Lindbergh CommonProper

Concrete or Abstract? Concrete nouns name something that can be seen, heard, smelled, touched or tasted Shoe, car, perfume, thorn Abstract nouns names an idea, quality, or characteristic Simplicity, beauty, truth, intention

Singular or Plural? Singular  Map  berry  deer  mouse Plural  Maps  berries  deer  mice

 Every noun is either common or proper, concrete or abstract, and singular or plural.

Collective Nouns Refers to a group of people or things Even when a collective noun is singular in form it still refers to a group of individuals. Examples: herd, family, school, crew, team and staff The herd (unit) runs away as we get close The herd (individuals) find hiding places in the brush

Compound Nouns Formed from two or more words. Some are written as single words, some are hyphenated and some as separate. One word: toothbrush, backpack, watermelon Hyphenated word: self-knowledge, sister-in-law Separate word: duffel bag, South Carolina, Taj Mahal.

Possessive Noun Shows ownership, leadership or relationship. Use apostrophes Ownership—The tourist's passport Relationship—The tourist’s companion

Pronouns Used in place of a noun or another pronoun. The word that a pronoun stands for is called its antecedent Malcolm and Hal shared a sandwich. They munched on it.

Forms of personal pronouns SINGULARPLURAL FIRST PERSONI, ME (MY, MINE)WE, US (OUR, OURS SECOND PERSONYOU (YOUR, YOURS) THIRD PERSONHE, HIM, SHE, HER, ITTHEY, THEM (THEIR)

Possessive Pronouns Show ownership or relationship. In the chart the possessive pronouns are in parentheses Hal almost left his backpack on the bus

Intensive Pronouns Used to emphasize a noun or pronoun that appears in the same sentence –The merchants themselves enjoy sampling the goods.

Reflexive Pronouns  Reflects or represents the subject of the sentence or clause in which it appears –June treats herself to a stroll through Chinese food markets

Reflexive and Intensive pronouns are formed by adding –self or –selves to forms of personal pronouns FIRST PERSONSECOND PERSONTHIRD PERSON SINGULARMYSELFYOURSELFHIMSELF, HERSELF, ITSELF PLURALOURSELVESYOURSELVESTHEMSELVES

Demonstrative Pronouns Point out specific persons, places, things or ideas. Indicate whether the things you are referring to is relatively nearby (in space or time) or farther away. THIS, THESE, THAT & THOSE –The merchant tells June, “My oranges are better than those in the other stall.”

Indefinite Pronouns Refer to persons, places, things and ideas that are not specifically identified. Do not usually have antecedents –Everyone in the market radiates energy Some examples: Another, Each, Either, Everybody, Nobody, No One, Somebody, Someone, Both, Few, Several, All, Any, Most, More

Interrogative Pronouns Introduces a question WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, WHICH, WHAT –Who would believe the crowds and excitement?

Relative Pronouns Introduces a noun clause or an adjective clause; it connects an adjective clause to the work or words it modifies WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, WHICH, THAT –The merchants, who are eager for sales, shout to customers.