1. PARTS OF SPEECH PART 1: NOUNS, PRONOUNS, AND ADJECTIVES 7 th grade HOLT GRAMMAR Warriners CHAPTER 2

2. Nouns A noun is a word or word group that is used to name a person, place, thing or idea. Persons: Places: Things: Ideas:

3. Compound Noun Compound Noun: a single noun made up of two or more words used together One word:grandmother, basketball Hyphenated Word:mother-in-law, light-year Two Words:grand piano, jumping jack

4. Proper and Common Nouns A proper nouns names a particular person, place, thing or idea and begins with a capital letter. A common noun names any one of a group of person, places, things or ideas. CommonProper womanAunt Josie teacherMrs. B countryGermany monumentLincoln Memorial teamWoodside Wildcats languageSwahili

5. Concrete & Abstract Nouns Concrete Nouns: names a person, place, or thing that can be perceived by one or more of the 5 senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell)  Examples: photograph, music, pears, Golden Gate Bridge. Abstract Nouns: names an idea, feeling, quality or characteristic:  Examples: love, fun, freedom, self-esteem, honor, Buddhism

6. Collective Nouns A collective noun is a word that names a group:  Examples: audience, committee, herd, quartet, batch, class, crew, family, jury, team, swarm

7. Practice Time! See page 29 in your textbook. Complete the “REVIEW A Using the Different Kinds of Nouns” activity. Have fun!

8. Pronouns A pronoun is a word that is used in place of one or more nouns or pronouns  [eg., he, she, they, it] The word or word group that a pronoun stands for is called the antecedent.  [eg., Freddie, have you turned in your report?]  Antecedent PN PN Personal pronouns refers to (first person), one spoken to (second person, or the one spoken about (third person)

9. Personal Pronouns Singularplural First PersonI, me, my mineWe, us, our, ours Second PersonYou, your, yours Third Personhe, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its They, them, their, theirs

10. Reflexive & Intensive Pronouns First Personmyself, ourselves Second Personyourself, yourselves Third Personhimself, herself, itself, themselves Reflexive and intensive pronouns are identified with “self” or “selves” in the term. Reflexive are necessary to the meaning of the sentence but intensive are unnecessary.

11. Demonstrative Pronouns A demonstrative pronoun points out a specific person, place, thing or idea.  Eg., This is the book I bought for my sister.  Are those the kinds of plants that bloom all summer? Demonstrative Pronouns this that these those

12. Demonstrative Pronouns NOTE: This, that, these, those can also be ADJECTIVES. Demonstrative Pronoun: Those are cute shoes! Demonstrative Adjective: Those shoes are cute! Dem PN: Did your order this? Dem ADJ: Did you order this salad?

13. Interrogative Pronouns Interrogative pronouns introduce a question.  Examples: What is the best brand of frozen yogurt? Who wrote “The Circuit”? Interrogative what which who whom whose

14. Indefinite Pronouns An indefinite pronoun refers to a person, place, a thing, or an idea that may or may not be specifically named. Indefinite Pronouns all any anybody anyone anything both each either everybody everyone everything few many more much neither nobody none no one one other several some somebody someone something

15. Indefinite Pronouns Examples: Both of the girls forgot their lines to the play. I would love some of that sushi! Everything is turning out beautifully. Somebody should turn out the light before leaving to save energy. Several left their textbook on their desk. NOTE: Most indefinite pronouns can also be used as adjectives. PN: Some are bored by this movie ADJ: Some people are bored by this movie. ADJ: Several people left their textbook on their desk

16. Relative Pronouns A relative pronoun introduces an adjective clause Examples: Thomas Jefferson, who wrote the Declaration of Independence, was our country’s third president. Exercise is something that many people enjoy. Common Relative Pronouns that which who whom whose

17. The Adjective An adjective is a word that is used to modify a noun or a pronoun Tells what kind, which one, how many or how much What KindWhich one? Which Ones? How many or How Much? Gentle dogs Irish town Scary movie Purple shoes Sixth grade These books Other people Any CD Two tickets Full pitcher Most players No work

18. Adjectives The kind and helpful woman gave us directions. Note: Sometimes an adjective comes after the word it modifies: A woman, kind and helpful, gave us directions The box is empty.

19. ARTICLES The most commonly used adjectives are a, an, and the. Examples: The frog croaked all night until 4 am. My cousin Jimmy wears a uniform to school. It is an honor to be in this class. “THE” is called a definite article because it refers to someone or something specific.

20. Nouns or Adjectives? nounadjective beanbean soup footballfootball game Super BowlSuper Bowl party White HouseWhite House security

21. Demonstrative Adjectives This, that, these, those can be used as adjectives or as pronouns. Demonstrative Adjectives:  This drawing is mine, and that drawing is yours.  Those soccer balls are much more expensive than these soccer balls. Demonstrative Pronouns:  This is mine and that is his.  These are much more expensive than those.

22. Proper Adjectives A proper adjective is formed from a proper noun. Proper NounProper Adjectives ThanksgivingThanksgiving parade CatholicismCatholic priest Middle EastMiddle Eastern country AfricaAfrican continent

23. REVIEW Determining Parts of Speech Remember, the way a word is used in a sentence determines what part of speech it is. Some words may be used as nouns or as adjectives. Noun:The helmet is made of steel. ADJ:It is a steel helmet. Some words may be used as pronouns or as adjectives. Pronoun: That is a surprise. Adjective:That problem is difficult.