Diversity of Living Things

The Big Picture of Kingdoms WE are looking at the Specifics of each Kingdom this week! BACTERIA & ARCHAEA PROTISTS PROTISTS & FUNGI ANIMALS PLANTS You will learn what a mammal is … I will always remember who did not know what a mammal was

Sec 3.4: The Animal Kingdom

INVERTEBRATE animals VS VERTEBRATE animals

About 95% of animals are invertebrates Invertebrates occupy all terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and have existed for hundreds of millions of years Invertebrates are divided into 34 phyla, but we will look only at a couple of them in this course

Invertebrates 1.Sponges and Cnidarians 2.Worms 3.Molluscs 4.Echinoderms 5.Arthropods 1.Chelicerates 2.Myriapods 3.Crustaceans 4.Insects

Sponges and Cnidarians SPONGESCNIDARIANS Two layers of cells AsymmetricalRadial symmetry Independent and individual cells (separate them and they will reassemble) No tissueTissue Sessile Trap food particles in water as water passes through body Capture prey with stinging tentacles around mouth Hydras, jellyfish, sea anemones and corals

Molluscs Bilateral symmetry 3 layers of cells Coelom 2 body openings Soft body protected by hard shell (most) Mantle (membrane) surrounds internal organs Ex: clams, mussels, oysters, scallops, shelled snails and non- shelled slugs, octopuses and squids

Echinoderms Ex: sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, & sand dollars Marine animals Radial symmetry Spiny endoskeleton (internal skeleton) Tube feet (small muscular fluid-filled tubes with suction-cup like endings)

Anthropods Majority of animal species Ex: spiders, scorpions, crustaceans, insects Jointed foot Legs made up of movable sections connected by joints Segmented body Hard exoskeleton (can shed or molt)

Vertebrates 1.Fish 2.Amphibians 3.Reptiles 4.Birds 5.Mammals

Fish Gills to obtain dissolved oxygen from water Group 1 – Sharks and rays (skeleton of cartilage) Group 2 – boy fish (skeleton of bone) Some have a swim bladder (an air sac that allows them to rise and sink) * atch?v=bqk0mnMgwUQ

Amphibian Tetrapods (two pairs of limbs) Frogs and Toads / Salamanders Have lungs and use moist skin to assist in gas exchange External fertilization Tied to wet ecosystem

Reptiles 3 orders: lizards and snakes/turtles/crocodilians Body scales create a waterproof barrier (prevent dehydration) Lungs for gas exchange Ectothermic: rely on external environment for body temperature Internal fertilization Egg and sperm join inside female Membrane develop around egg Egg deposited in warm environment

Birds Evolutionary modified reptiles Endothermic: four chamber heart to maintain body temperature Most can fly Bones are lightweight and hollow Compact body Distinctive song-like voices and calls

Mammals – what are you? Who are you?

Mammals Mammary glands (in females) to produce and secretes milk for nourishing young Have hair (insulation, camouflage, waterproofing and communication) Endothermic Momotremes (egg laying) / marsupials (pouched) / placental (have a placenta)

Homework Page 113: #27 and 29 Page 117: #31, 35 Page 121: #39 and 41