Organelles in a Eukaryotic cell

Cytoplasm Description Gel like fluid where organelles are found Cytosol- fluid portion of cytoplasm Mostly water Function Gives the cell its shape Many necessary chemical reactions happen here

Nucleus Description Contains nucleolus & chromosomes. Surrounded by nuclear envelope. Function Control center of cell. Nucleolus makes ribosomes/RNA Chromosomes contain genes/DNA

Nucleolus Description Largest structure in nucleus Function Assembles Ribosomes

Chromatin Description Mass of genetic material composed of DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division. Chromatin is located in the nucleus of a cell Function Contains genes/DNA

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Description Membranes throughout cytoplasm. Rough ER- ribosomes on surface. Smooth ER- no ribosomes Functions Transport material thru cytoplasm Rough ER- site of protein synthesis Smooth ER- site of lipid synthesis

Ribosomes Description composed of two subunits: a large subunit and a small subunit. Function Assembles proteins

Golgi Apparatus ( bodies or complex) Description Stacks of flat membrane pouches Functions Packages molecules made in the ER into vesicles then sends the molecules to where they are needed outside the cell.

Lysosomes Description Membrane pouches found mostly in animals Functions Digest and recycle cell waste using enzymes; Used by white blood cells to destroy bacteria

Vacuoles Description Membrane pouches(mostly found in plants, fungi, and algae) Function Transport and store material like water and food

Mitochondria a.k.a. powerhouse Description Oval pouch bounded by 2 membranes Has own DNA Function Produces energy for cells called ATP (cell respiration)

Chloroplast Description A long pouch bounded by 2 membranes & contains chlorophyll (in plants & algae only) Has own DNA Function Make food in the form of glucose using sun, water, and CO2 (photosynthesis)

Cytoskeleton Description A network of proteins includes microtubules and microfilaments. Function Supports cell, anchors organelles. Microtubules aid in cell division by creating centrioles. Compose cilia & flagella

Flagella Description Long thin structures protruding from cell surface. Usually 1 or 2. Function movement

Cilia Description Short thin structures protruding from cell surface. Many on cell. Function Movement of cell; OR propel substances like mucus past a stationary cell

Cell wall Description Rigid outer layer in plants, bacteria, fungi, algae In plants and algae contains cellulose Fungi contains chitin Functions- protection, support, shape

Centrioles Description Rod-shaped, near nucleus, only animals Function Organizes spindle fibers Pulls chromosomes apart in cell division.

Comparing Cell Parts to Body Parts/Systems