1. Organelles we will study
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane and Cell Wall
Nucleus
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Endoplasmic Reticulum
smooth
rough
Ribosomes
Golgi Body
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
Lysosomes
Centrioles
Chloroplast
Cell Wall
Cytoskeleton

4. Cell Membranes and Cell Walls
thin, flexible barrier around a cell
regulates what enters and leaves the cell
plant and animal cells
Cell Wall:
Strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plant cells, algae, and some bacteria

5. Cell Wall -- in plants only

6. CYTOPLASM Cytoplasm: material inside the cell membrane
and outside the nucleus
*Function: holds dissolved molecules,
nutrients and ions that the cell will need to
carry out life processes
Both Plant and Animal Cells

7. Nucleus
*Contains nucleolus and chromatin surrounded by envelope (membrane) *Directs the cell activites *Both Plant and Animal cells

8. Around the Nucleus……. the Nucleus
Nuclear envelope:
*Double membrane with pores
surrounding the nucleus
*Function is to control what goes
in and out of the nucleus; to protect
the chromatin

9. Inside the Nucleus Chromatin: *uncoiled DNA wrapped around proteins
Nucleolus: *found in the nucleus
*contains chromatin and
ribosomal subunits
*makes ribosomes
Chromatin: *uncoiled DNA wrapped around proteins
*located in nucleus
*DNA stores the directions for
making an organism

10. The nucleus and the envelope
The nucleus and the nuclear envelope
The nucleus and the envelope

11. Ribosomes Ribosomes make proteins. (remember-- from amino acids)
Ribosomes can be found alone in the cytoplasm (free), in groups, or attached (bound) to the endoplasmic reticulum. Plant &Animal

12. Ribosomes
Ribosomes are nonmembranous organelles composed of RNA and protein

13. The endoplasmic reticulum
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
is a system of membranous channels
Both Plant and Animal
Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and is the site of protein synthesis and processing.
Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is the site of synthesis of phospholipids and the packaging of proteins into vesicles, among other functions.
Saccules are flattened vesicles.

15. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

16. The Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi apparatus (complex, body) consists of a stack of curved saccules.
Both plant and animal
The Golgi apparatus receives protein and also lipid-filled vesicles from the ER, packages, processes, and distributes them within the cell and the edge / outside of the cell.

17. The Golgi apparatus

18. Lysosomes are vesicles produced by the Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes are vesicles produced by the Golgi apparatus. Lysosomes contain enzymes and are involved in digestion and breakdown of unneeded or broken materials.
Lysosomes in a white blood cell

20. (b) A Lysosome in action
Mitochondrial Fragment
Lysosome

21. The formation and functions of lysosomes

22. The plant cell vacuole
Vacuoles are membranous sacs in the cell that store water and other needed substances.
They are large in plant cells and small (sometimes called vesicles) in animal cells.

23. Mitochondria are found in plant and animal cells
Mitochondria are found in plant and animal cells. Their function is to help break down
carbohydrates (sugars) to make energy. This is known as “respiration.” Both Plant and Animal

26. The chloroplast, site of photosynthesis

27. Chloroplast

28. The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to keep its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement. Both plant and animal cells.

29. Figure 7-11 Cytoskeleton Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum
Section 7-2
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Microtubule
Microfilament
Ribosomes
Mitochondrion

30. Cilia and flagella
Cilia move fluids Flagella is like a tail on a cell; they move sperm cells

32. Centrioles Centrioles are short
cylinders found just outside the nucleus in animal cells.
Centrioles are involved in microtubule formation and disassembly during cell division.

33. Venn Diagrams Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Animal Cells Plant Cells
Section 7-2
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
Cell membrane
Contain DNA
Ribosomes
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
Centrioles

34. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2
Centrioles
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Nuclear
envelope
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Smooth
Mitochondrion
Cell
Membrane
Ribosome
(free)
(attached)
Animal Cell

35. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2
Nuclear
envelope
Ribosome
(attached)
(free)
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Nucleus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion
Cell wall
Cell
Membrane
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Plant Cell

36. The End…