1. Unit 1- Cells and Organization
Cell Parts
Unit 1- Cells and Organization

2. Plasma Membrane Also known as the cell membrane
Boundary between the cell and the environment.
Helps to maintain homeostasis.
Allows materials to enter and exit the cell.
Gives the cell shape and flexibility.

3. Plasma Membrane cntd. Made of 2 layers of phospholipids.
Phospholipids have a polar head and a lipid tail
Have proteins embedded within the layer.
“gate keeper”

4. Cell Wall Outer boundary surrounding the cell membrane
NOT found in animals
Protects and supports the cell.
In plants it is composed of cellulose
“gate”

5. Nucleus Contains all the genetic material (DNA) for the cell.
Surrounded by the nuclear membrane.
Control center
“CEO/Boss”

6. Nuclear Membrane
Surrounds the nucleus and encloses the DNA.

7. Nucleolus Spherical structure inside the nucleus
Makes the ribosomes for the cell.

8. Chromatin DNA before it condenses into chromosomes.
“company documents or computer files”

9. Cytoplasm
The fluid or gel like substance that fills the inside of a cell.
Site for many chemical reactions.
“anchors” the organelles to the cell.
“factory floor”

10. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Extensive network of internal membranes that has ribosomes attached to it.
Moves materials through the cell
Helps to make proteins
“Assembly Line/Transportation”

11. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Extensive network of internal membranes that lack ribosomes
Makes and transports lipids’
“Assembly Line”

12. Ribosomes Found on the rough ER and free floating in the cytoplasm
Place where proteins (enzymes) are made.
“factory worker”

13. Golgi Apparatus/Complex
Series of stacked flattened membrane sacs
Receives proteins from the ER
Re-packages the proteins and distributes them to the rest of the cell.
“Packaging Dept or mailroom”

14. Vacuole
Temporary storage for water, food, enzymes, waste and other materials
Very large in plants, almost non-existent in animal cells.
“storage closet or trash can”

15. Mitochondria
Oval shaped with internal folded membranes to increase surface area.
Breaks down food into energy for the body
Site of cellular respiration.
“generator”

16. Lysosomes
Digests and recycles used cell parts using digestive enzymes.
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
Lipids
“Janitorial Service”

17. Chloroplasts Found in autotrohpic organisms
Oval shaped internal membranes
Turns energy from the sun into chemical energy (glucose)
Site of photosynthesis
“Solar panel”

18. Cytoskeleton Protein fibers that help to gives cells their shape
Made of microtubules and microfilaments
“framework”

19. Centrioles
Structures found in animal cells that aid in mitosis (cell division)
Pull the chromosomes apart

20. Cell movement
Cilia
Short hair-like projections that beat in a coordinated wave
Very numerous
Flagella
Long projection that moves in a whip like motion
Usually one or two per cell
Cilia
Flagella