NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

NUCLEOTIDE (Building blocks of Nucleic Acids) This is what a nucleotide would look like in reality……. This is what a nucleotide would look like in reality…….

NUCLEOTIDE Here is how we could draw it….. Here is how we could draw it…..P S B S B

BASES (Contain Nitrogen) Adenine (A) Adenine (A) Cytosine (C) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) Guanine (G) Uracil (U) Uracil (U) Thymine (T) Thymine (T) Purines = double ring Purines = double ring Pyramidines = single ring Pyramidines = single ring

STRUCTURE OF DNA

DOUBLE HELIX Watson and Crick

DNA REPLICATION

RNA The Relation Between DNA and RNA: THE GENETIC CODE IS IN THE DNA MOLECULE. RNA DECODES THE DNA INTO A FORM THAT CAN BE READ AND UNDERSTOOD.

TYPES OF RNA RNA can be linear, globular, or fold into a 3-D shape RNA can be linear, globular, or fold into a 3-D shape 3 Types: 3 Types: mRNA - messenger mRNA - messenger rRNA - ribosomal rRNA - ribosomal tRNA – transfer tRNA – transfer

Overview of Protein Synthesis DNA > RNA > Protein Transcription Translation Transcription Translation DNA serves as a template to make RNA (transcription), which then carries the code for make a protein. The code is deciphered to make the protein (translation).

DNA makes RNA (Transcription) PROTEINS ARE MADE IN THE RIBOSOMES. DNA HAS INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAKING PROTEINS. DNA IS IN THE NUCLEUS (AND DOES NOT LEAVE). SO, THERE NEEDS TO BE SOME WAY TO GET THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAKING THE PROTEIN FROM THE DNA TO THE RIBOSOME……… TRANSCRIPTION (The process by which RNA is made from DNA)

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GENETIC CODE

mRNA EDITING

TRANSLATION (RNA is decoded)