3. Function of RNA Since DNA cannot leave the nucleus, RNA molecules will convert the written instructions into proteins in the cytoplasm Genes are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins

4. Like all nucleotides, RNA nucleotides contain a:  5-carbon sugar - ribose  phosphate group nitrogenous base RNA is a nucleic acid consisting of a long chain of nucleotides Structure of RNA RNA Nucleotide

5. Nitrogenous Bases of RNA RNA nucleotides will contain one of four bases Three of the four are the same as DNA: guanine, cytosine, and adenine but the base uracil replaces thymine in RNA Pyrimidines Purine

6. Since uracil is a pyrimidine, it will bond with the purine adenine ~ A pairs with U ~ C pairs with G Base pairing rule in RNA:

7. There are three main types of RNA involved in protien synthesis: #1 messenger RNA (mRNA) #2 transfer RNA (tRNA) Transfers amino acids in the cytoplasm to the ribosome #3 ribosomal RNA (tRNA) Builds ribosomes along with proteins Carries the “message” from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm

8. messenger RNA

9. transfer RNA

11. That’s not all folks... There are also many other types of RNA molecules that are not directly involved in protein synthesis. They are sometimes called noncoding RNA ncRNA is involved in many other cell processes including the regulation of transcription, DNA replication and RNA processing and modification snRNA (short nuclear) snoRNA (short nucleolar) miRNA (micro) siRNA (short interfering)

12. DNA & RNA are alike in that they are both nucleic acids composed of nucleotides, their differences lie in their functions and structure