Lactation

Lactation Physiology of lactation Changes during pregnancy Increased breast tissue Maturation of structure Hormonal controls Prolactin: stimulates milk production Oxytocin: stimulates milk release “let-down” reflex

SFCC: Figure 14.12

SFCC: Figure 14.14

Lactation Nutrition for breastfeeding women Food choices Energy and protein higher needs than pregnancy Vitamins and minerals Most are higher or same as pregnancy Iron and folate needs are lower Water Food choices Practices to avoid while breastfeeding Alcohol, drugs, smoking, excess caffeine

Lactation Benefits of breastfeeding Contraindications to breastfeeding Benefits for infants Optimal nutrition Reduced incidence of respiratory, GI, ear infections Convenience Other benefits Benefits for mother Enhance recovery of uterus size Contraindications to breastfeeding

Benefits of Breastfeeding babies moms balance of nutrients with high bioavailabity. good hormones cognitive development less infections less diseases less food allergies contracts the uterus delays menstration conserves iron stores may protect against breast cancer convenient bonding time with baby

Lactation Nutrient Needs Energy Intake need about +650 kcals to support milk production; recommend +500 from food and rest from fat stores; Vitamin and Minerals maintained in breast milk at expense of maternal stores if poor intake; B6, B12, A, D;

Water Nutrient Supplements Particular Foods need plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration drink a glass of fluid at each meal Nutrient Supplements iron to replace stores often continue prenatal vitamins Particular Foods foods with strong or spicy flavors may alter flavor of breast milk some infants may be sensitive to particular foods that mom eats

During Lactation Don’t: Don’t drink alcohol Don’t take medications unless OK by Medical Provider Don’t take illegal drugs Don’t smoke Don’t get into environmental contaminants Don’t have caffeine

Lactation and Maternal Health Illnesses colds: OK to breastfeed; TB/Hepatitis may have to pump HIV Infection and AIDS should NOT breastfeed if there is an alternative way of feeding; Diabetes: OK Breast Health

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