Section 2 The Middle Kingdom s

After A.D. 400, several large trading kingdoms arose in West Africa. Refugees (people who flee for safety) from Kush brought iron-smelting to the West.

Ancient & Present Ghana

Ancient Ghana Present Day Ghana Present Day Ghana

Ancient Ghana

Developed 400 miles NW of present day GhanaDeveloped 400 miles NW of present day Ghana Became trading nationBecame trading nation Most important goods: salt and goldMost important goods: salt and gold Developed 400 miles NW of present day GhanaDeveloped 400 miles NW of present day Ghana Became trading nationBecame trading nation Most important goods: salt and goldMost important goods: salt and gold

GhanaGhana Founded A.D. 200Founded A.D. 200 Began iron-smelting in A.D. 350Began iron-smelting in A.D. 350 Leader is the “Ghana”Leader is the “Ghana” Warriors expanded boundaries and controlled tradeWarriors expanded boundaries and controlled trade Founded A.D. 200Founded A.D. 200 Began iron-smelting in A.D. 350Began iron-smelting in A.D. 350 Leader is the “Ghana”Leader is the “Ghana” Warriors expanded boundaries and controlled tradeWarriors expanded boundaries and controlled trade

Trade Develops Ghana controls trade between north and southGhana controls trade between north and south Caravans paid in gold nuggets to use routesCaravans paid in gold nuggets to use routes Ghana rich in gold minesGhana rich in gold mines Camel plays huge role introduced in 600s by ArabsCamel plays huge role introduced in 600s by Arabs

Gold / Salt Trade Salt from Taghaza (present day Algeria) (Arabs)Salt from Taghaza (present day Algeria) (Arabs) Gold from Wangara (S.W. Ghana)Gold from Wangara (S.W. Ghana) Merchants used a method called silent barterMerchants used a method called silent barter Salt from Taghaza (present day Algeria) (Arabs)Salt from Taghaza (present day Algeria) (Arabs) Gold from Wangara (S.W. Ghana)Gold from Wangara (S.W. Ghana) Merchants used a method called silent barterMerchants used a method called silent barter

Silent Barter Merchants would travel to Wangara with salt and other goods; they would put goods down and beat a drum; then retreatMerchants would travel to Wangara with salt and other goods; they would put goods down and beat a drum; then retreat Gold miners would leave gold in placeGold miners would leave gold in place Merchants would travel to Wangara with salt and other goods; they would put goods down and beat a drum; then retreatMerchants would travel to Wangara with salt and other goods; they would put goods down and beat a drum; then retreat Gold miners would leave gold in placeGold miners would leave gold in place

If merchants were satisfied, they would take gold and leaveIf merchants were satisfied, they would take gold and leave If not satisfied, they would retreat until gold miners brought more goldIf not satisfied, they would retreat until gold miners brought more gold If merchants were satisfied, they would take gold and leaveIf merchants were satisfied, they would take gold and leave If not satisfied, they would retreat until gold miners brought more goldIf not satisfied, they would retreat until gold miners brought more gold

Gold was then shipped to Europe and Asia for sale Gold was then shipped to Europe and Asia for sale What problems do you see with foreign involvement? What problems do you see with foreign involvement?

Decline Jealousy, fear and anger led to attacks – insignificantJealousy, fear and anger led to attacks – insignificant 1076 A.D. – Muslims (Almoravid) attacked – weakened empire1076 A.D. – Muslims (Almoravid) attacked – weakened empire 1235 – part of the Empire of Mali1235 – part of the Empire of Mali

Present Day Ghana

Ghana Accra

Geography of Today’s Ghana About the size of Oregon Tropical climate (around equator) No natural harbors along 300 mile coast Tropical swamps About the size of Oregon Tropical climate (around equator) No natural harbors along 300 mile coast Tropical swamps

Brush-covered plains Humid rain-forests 2/3 is savanna 2 rivers: Black Volta & White Volta join to form Volta River which empties into Gulf of Guinea Brush-covered plains Humid rain-forests 2/3 is savanna 2 rivers: Black Volta & White Volta join to form Volta River which empties into Gulf of Guinea

Ashanti 1670s – Osei Tutu Kumasi – chief city Military and trading empire

The Golden Stool tells of the birth of the Ashanti kingdomtells of the birth of the Ashanti kingdom 1600s – meeting was held of tribal clans1600s – meeting was held of tribal clans Golden Stool was summoned down from heaven by the priest for Ashanti king, Osei Tutu IGolden Stool was summoned down from heaven by the priest for Ashanti king, Osei Tutu I sacred - contains the 'Sunsum' — spirit or soul of the Ashanti peoplesacred - contains the 'Sunsum' — spirit or soul of the Ashanti people

British Invasion Asanti finally were defeated in 1900Asanti finally were defeated in 1900

Why did the British want to control Ghana? ResourcesResources Compete for world dominionCompete for world dominion

British Control By 1900, Present day Ghana was under “protection” of Great Britain 1901: Ghana was part of Britain’s Gold Coast colony By 1900, Present day Ghana was under “protection” of Great Britain 1901: Ghana was part of Britain’s Gold Coast colony

British profited from trade of goods in GhanaBritish profited from trade of goods in Ghana Colonial peoples began to resist and strike led by Kwame Nkrumah in 1947Colonial peoples began to resist and strike led by Kwame Nkrumah in 1947 British profited from trade of goods in GhanaBritish profited from trade of goods in Ghana Colonial peoples began to resist and strike led by Kwame Nkrumah in 1947Colonial peoples began to resist and strike led by Kwame Nkrumah in 1947 Rebellion

March, 1957 – Ghana becomes an independent nation!

Cape Coast