1. Camels were used on the trade routes to carry goods. Salt was mined in the Sahara and traded for Gold Djenne was an important trade city. Gold mines in the western part of Mali were important for trade. Timbuktu had universities and libraries. Warm Up: Copy the below information. Include the map and the outlines of the 3 kingdoms.

2. Comparing Civilizations GhanaMaliSonghai Rise Height People & Places Religion Fall Directions: Take out a blank sheet of paper. Fold and label it like this:

3. Got Gold? Worth $: –Jewelry –Currency (coins) –Facials???!! Europe, the Middle East and North Africa all want gold! #1 Read, Discuss & Answer: Read p. 131 “Trade in Valuable Goods” and discuss/answer: Why did people trade gold??

4. Salt was used for a. preserving food b. seasoning c. restoring PH balance in body Salt #2 Discuss & Answer: Why did people trade salt?? #2 Read, Discuss & Answer: Read p. 131 “Trade in Valuable Goods” and discuss/answer: Why did people trade salt?

5. Ghana 780-1235 #3. Draw: VERY QUICKLY (30 seconds or so) draw the map below on the back of your paper. Draw the outline of the continent, the outer border of the empire of Ghana and label Djenne, Timbuktu, and Gao.

6. Rise of Ghana The Soninke (a West African tribe) took control in 780. They used Iron weapons to conquer others. The empire is located next to salt and gold mines (of course). Read & Notes: Read p.131-132 “Ghana Controls Trade” and “Ghana’s Beginnings.” Write the necessary information in your chart.

7. Height of Ghana Ghana became rich by charging taxes on traded goods Most traders were Muslims Arabs introduce writing and numbers while promoting Islamic faith. #4: Read, Discuss & Answer: Read p.133, “Ghana Builds an Empire” and “Taxes & Gold.” Discuss and answer: What did Islam have to do with unifying Africa? Also, write the necessary information below in your chart.

8. Silent Barter –Trade without actually coming into contact with one another. –Trade was conducted peacefully. –This benefited Ghana financially. #5 Read, Notes & Answer: Read p.132-133 (end at “Ghana Builds an Empire”). Write the necessary information below in your chart. Answer: how did trade help Ghana develop?

9. Tunka Manin Tunka Manin represented the height of Ghanan wealth & power. #6 Read, Notes & Answer: Read p.134, “Expansion of the Empire.” Write the necessary information below in your chart. Answer: How did Tunka Manin’s lifestyle represent the height of the Ghana Empire?

10. Fall of Ghana: 3 Causes 1.Invasion: Almoravids 2.Overgrazing 3.Internal rebellion Read & Notes: Read p.134-135, “Ghana’s Decline.” Write the information below in your chart

11. Mali (1235-1464) #7. Draw: VERY QUICKLY (30 seconds or so) sketch the map below on the back of your paper. Draw the outline of the continent, the outer border of the empire of Mali, the Niger River, and label Djenne, Timbuktu, and Gao.

12. Rise of Mali Lots of legends, not a lot of facts. Sundiata built a huge army, won Mali’s independence, and then conquered Ghana. Sundiata took over trade and improved agriculture. #8. Read, Notes & Answer: Read p.136-136, “Sundiata Makes an Empire,” Beginnings of the Empire,” “Improvements in Mali,” and “Consolidation of Power.” Write the necessary information below in your chart. Answer: Why do you think it was important for the king of Mali to take away power from local leaders?

13. Mansa Musa #9. Read & Answer: Read your homework assignment to your partner, then read p.138 & 141 about Mansa Musa. Answer: What was significant about Mansa Musa? List 3 things. Also answer: How did Mansa Musa spread his religion throughout Mali?

14. Timbuktu #10. Read & Describe: Read p.139 about Timbuktu. Write the necessary information below in your chart. Describe how traders brought their goods to Timbuktu

15. Fall of Mali Weak rulers Invaders Too large Internal rebellion #11. Read & Describe: Read p.140, “The Fall of Mali.” Write the relevant information below in your chart.