World History Chapter 11-The French Revolution Section 3- Dawn of a New Era

 Terms/Names conscription- the draft conscription- the draft coup d’etat- quick seizure of power coup d’etat- quick seizure of power Jacobins- extreme radicals Jacobins- extreme radicals Girondists- moderates Girondists- moderates Napoleon Bonaparte- Emperor of France Napoleon Bonaparte- Emperor of France Prussia- European country fighting revolutionaries Prussia- European country fighting revolutionaries Valmy- victory site for French Revolutionaries which halted the armies of the European monarch. Valmy- victory site for French Revolutionaries which halted the armies of the European monarch. Committee of Public Safety- Convened by national Convention to direct war Committee of Public Safety- Convened by national Convention to direct war

 August 1792: Austrian & Prussian armies marched toward Paris. Austrian & Prussian armies marched toward Paris. City Workers (Radicals) took over the government & made France a Republic & formed the National Convention. City Workers (Radicals) took over the government & made France a Republic & formed the National Convention. Sept 1792: Revolutionaries defeat European powers at Valmy & save the revolution Sept 1792: Revolutionaries defeat European powers at Valmy & save the revolution

 Sept : National Convention- met & passed reforms. Radicals who took over National Assembly Radicals who took over National Assembly Wrote first democratic constitution Wrote first democratic constitution –all males could vote –power in hands of National Legislature Tried & executed Louis XVI Tried & executed Louis XVI Established French Republic Established French Republic

National Convention con’t Created the metric system Created the metric system Political Divisions within National Convention: Political Divisions within National Convention: –Jacobins- radicals; defenders of the revolution; leader- Robespierre; voice of the people (sans culottes); sat at the back of the hall on high benches (mountain). Girondists- moderates; wanted to protect wealthy middle class; felt revolution had gone far enough. Girondists- moderates; wanted to protect wealthy middle class; felt revolution had gone far enough. The Plain- in middle; undecided deputies but were majority in convention came to support the mountain. The Plain- in middle; undecided deputies but were majority in convention came to support the mountain.

January 1793: European monarchs form an alliance against revolutionaries in France. Revolutionaries try to spread Revolution everywhere. January 1793: European monarchs form an alliance against revolutionaries in France. Revolutionaries try to spread Revolution everywhere. Summer of 1793: Committee of Public Safety- direct the war; adopted conscription to raise an army. Summer of 1793: Committee of Public Safety- direct the war; adopted conscription to raise an army. July 1793: Reign of Terror- Jacobins try to crush all opposition to their plans. Committee of Public Safety ruled France. Robespierre ruled Committee. Robespierre & other radicals executed anyone thought to be against the Revolution. July 1793: Reign of Terror- Jacobins try to crush all opposition to their plans. Committee of Public Safety ruled France. Robespierre ruled Committee. Robespierre & other radicals executed anyone thought to be against the Revolution.

July 1794: Reign of Terror ends. Wave of killing turned the people against Robespierre & he was executed. Jacobins lose power. Middle class takes control of Convention. July 1794: Reign of Terror ends. Wave of killing turned the people against Robespierre & he was executed. Jacobins lose power. Middle class takes control of Convention. 1795: Convention writes a constitution favoring the wealthy. Only land owning males could vote. Set up a 5 man council called The Directory to rule with a 2 house legislature. Created many problems. People looked to army for leadership.

1799: Napoleon seizes power (coup d’etat) from Directory & declares himself Emperor of France. 1799: Napoleon seizes power (coup d’etat) from Directory & declares himself Emperor of France. Napoleon Bonaparte: General in the French army; defeated the Austrians; & protected the Directory against an uprising. Napoleon Bonaparte: General in the French army; defeated the Austrians; & protected the Directory against an uprising.

 Conditions in France that made his rise to power possible: food shortages food shortages rising prices rising prices growing gap between rich & poor growing gap between rich & poor financial problems financial problems scandals among directors scandals among directors  Revolution ends. Empire begins.

 Results Ideas of the Enlightment continue to influence people around the world. Ideas of the Enlightment continue to influence people around the world. Brings about the decline of the absolute rulers of Europe. Brings about the decline of the absolute rulers of Europe.

Guillotine: Guillotine: tions/a/Guillotine.htm tions/a/Guillotine.htm tions/a/Guillotine.htm tions/a/Guillotine.htm Madame Tussaud’s Madame Tussaud’s YP94zw YP94zw YP94zw YP94zw