 Fuels thought processes, perception, imagination, memory, sexual urges  Focuses on particular stages until it is resolved  If a person experienced a problem during a stage, s/he will become FIXATED in that stage

NOT THAT KIND OF STAGE!!!!

 Pleasure in sucking, biting, chewing

 Pessimism  Envy  Suspicion  sarcasm

 Optimism  Gullible  Admiration for others

 Fixation later in life  Putting objects in mouth  Smoking  overeating

 2-3 years old  Experiences restriction of impulses through potty training  If child puts up fight → malicious personality

But really think about it.

 Child becomes (anal expulsive):  Messy  Disorganized  Careless  Defiant  Reckless

 Anal retentive  Neat  Precise  Orderly  Stingy  Withholding

 3-6 years old  Interest in genital region (transfer of libido energy from anal to genital region)

 Greek Tragedy: Oedipus kills his father & marries his mother  Desire to possess opposite-sex parent  Boy falls in love w/mother; develops hatred for father  In order for boy to possess mother; he becomes as much like father as possible  When boy realizes that mother/women have no penis; he is struck by fear that his father will remove his (castration anxiety)

 Castration anxiety outstrips his desire for his mother  Boy moves into appropriate sexual role in life  Passes in latency stage (libidal dormancy)

 Girl discovers that she along w/ mother lack penis (which father/men have)  Love for father becomes envious  Blames mother for perceived castration (penis envy)  In attempt to possess father “vicariously” she learns her appropriate sexual role

 Failure to resolve could cause person to be afraid or incapable of close love --- according to Freud!  At this point, please read the Oedipus Complex Case Study… discuss as a class… and keep in mind, this is the ONLY case study that Freud used to develop his theory!!!

 On a sheet of paper, please write the name of your “childhood” best friend.  Share with the class.  What trends to your recognize?

 Trends?  Do a majority of you have childhood best friends of the same sex?  Are they still your best friend today?  If the answer is no to the previous question… why? (what types of “things” got in the way?)

 6-puberty  Not a psychosexual stage  Sexual drive is dormant  Little need for satisfaction  Energy is transmitted to:  School  Athletics  Same sex relationships  According to Freud this is why, many of our childhood best friends are of the same sex…

 Puberty  Focus on heterosexual relationships  The more energy a child has to concentrate on this stage; the greater the capacity to develop normal opposite sex relationships  This is the stage where many of our “childhood” friendships begin to change…

 3 Levels of Consciousness:  Ego: conscious level; carries out daily activities; like Freud’s Conscious  Personal Unconscious : individual’s thoughts, memories, wishes, impulses; like Freud’s Preconscious + Unconscious  Collective Unconscious: storehouse of memories inherited from the common ancestors of the whole human race; no counterpart in Freud’s theory

 It contains archetypes, emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning.  Archetypes cause us to respond in certain ways to common human experiences.

 – Inherited tendencies and predispositions within the collective unconscious that dispose a person to behave similarly to ancestors who confronted similar situations  – Experience archetypes as emotions associated with significant life events such as birth, adolescence, marriage, and death or with extreme reactions to danger

 Class discussion: write these on the board…  What are your favorite tv shows, video games, and movies? (make an extensive list) --- the more who participate the better!!!  Now, go around the room, and list on the board, the components that those tv shows, video games, and movies have that make them appealing…  In other words… why do you like them?

 You will see a “trend” between Jung’s archetypes (discussed in the next few slides) and our “desires” that are necessary to categorize shows, movies, and games as being “good!”  Wait and see…

1. Persona: your public personality, aspects of yourself that you reveal to others. This is the mask that we wear 1. Influenced by profession 2. Influenced by what the “public” says we should be 3. Conscious 4. Jung theorizes that if we equate our ENTIRE personality to the “persona” that we will live an “unhappy” life

2. Shadow: prehistoric fear of wild animals, represents animal side of human nature. * dark side; contains animal & sexual instinct * repressed from the EGO ideal * seen as symbolic representation of devils, demons, evil spirits (Mr. Hyde, Darth Vader, the Joker) * Get to know the shadow through * dreams, slips of the tongue, etc.

 It provides us w/ the capacity to control our anger… because we become aware of it  Gives us a “healthy” mistrust of others  Gives us a sense of humor  Gives us a sense of understanding & forgiveness

3. Anima: feminine archetype in men. * predisposes men to understand the nature of women * feminine voice within the psyche * shows up in moods… guys 4. Animus: masculine archetype in women. * predisposes women to understand the nature of men * masculine voice within the psyche * shows up in opinions… ladies Others: God, Hero, Nurturing Mother, Wise Old Man, Wicked Witch, Devil, Powerful Father.

Aren’t these archetypes the things that make a movie a great movie, a video game a great game, and a tv show a great tv show? Why do you think the “Friends” lasted so long??

 Introversion: focused inward; the person is cautious, shy, timid, reflective.  When you are dealing with the world inside ourself  Extroversion: focused outward; the person is outgoing, sociable, assertive, energetic.  When you are dealing with the world outside ourself

 How to gather information:  Sensing: experiencing the world through the senses without interpreting or evaluating it.  Perceives data in a literal, concrete fashion  Intuiting: relating directly to the world without physical sensation, reasoning, or interpretation.  Generates abstract possibilities from information that is gathered

 How to make decisions:  Thinking: naming and interpreting experience.  Making a decision based on logic, reason, fairness  Feeling: evaluating an experience for its emotional worth to us.  Making a decision based on your “value” system

 Attitudes toward external world & how we live our lives on a day-to-day basis  Judging: want things to be neat, orderly, and established  Perceiving: want things to be flexible & spontaneous  People with strong Judging preferences might have a hard time accepting people with strong Perceiving preferences, & visa-versa; however a “mixed” couple (one Perceiving & one Judging) can complement each other very well, IF they have developed themselves enough to be able to “accept” each other

 The self is the fully developed personality.  It is attained by balancing and integrating all parts of the personality.  Jung was the forerunner of the humanistic movement, with its emphasis on self- actualization Online Personality Test win/JTypes2.asp

 Basic Human Motivation:  Drive for Superiority, the desire for self- improvement, an “upward drive” for perfection.  Basic Human Problem:  Inferiority Complex, extreme feelings of weakness or inadequacy; involves an inability to accept natural limitations.

 An Inferiority Complex occurs when the need for self-improvement is blocked.  Feelings of inferiority are a natural part of personality development. They start in childhood when we compare ourselves to adults and continue into adulthood when we discover limitations to our abilities.  The natural and healthy reaction to inferiority feelings is Compensation, efforts to overcome real or imagined inferiority by developing one’s abilities.

 “TO BE A MAN MEANS TO SUFFER FROM AN INFERIORITY FEELING WHICH CONSTANTLY DRIVES HIM TO OVERCOME IT.” -- Alfred adler, the meaning of life

Healthy Process:  Compensation  Self -Improvement Unhealthy Process:  Compensation  Inferiority Complex  Inferiority Complex leads toward Overcompensation: Trying to appear stronger by striving for power, putting other people down, or showing off; hypersensitive about self-esteem

 For Freud, a person’s primary motivation was sexual pleasure; people were similar to animals and machines: driven by natural forces with no say in what they did.  For Adler, the primary motivation was self- perfection and equality with others; the emphasis was on what made people different from animals and machines: goals, values, free will.

 "Heredity and environment provide the bricks; the final form of the building is up to us".  The building’s form is our Style of Life: the goals we have chosen and the ways we pursue them, our values and priorities, how we see people and events, and our everyday habits.