Pregnancy

Fertilization/Conception The union of the egg and sperm that takes place in the fallopian tubes

Zygote The genetic material of the egg and sperm combined to form one cell

Implantation

Cleavage First Mitosis division of zygote, first 30 hours Begins in Fallopian Tube, continues through Uterus Trip takes 3 days, creating ~16 cells on the way.

Embryo The term for a developing pregnancy from fertilization to the end of week eight

Spontaneous Abortion Risk of lost embryo due to break down of corpus luteum and decrease of estrogen Typically occurs when implantation is at the end of ovulation phase

Placenta An organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy The placenta provides nourishment and oxygen to the growing baby and removes waste Some refer to it as the afterbirth because it is excreted from the body following the birth of the baby Most substances are passed from the mother through the placenta to the baby

Amniotic Fluid The watery substance that surrounds the growing fetus during its time in the womb The fluid helps to cushion the baby from outside force

Ultrasound used to visualize the embryo or fetus in its mother's uterus (womb) The procedure is often a standard part of prenatal care, as it yields a variety of information regarding the health of the mother and of the fetus, as well as regarding the progress of the pregnancy.

Umbilical Cord A hollow rope-like tube that connects the embryo to the placenta The placenta carries nutrients and oxygen to the baby and takes waste away

First Trimester The first 14 weeks of pregnancy The most important trimester because this is when the vital structures are forming The embryo develops all of its organs and grows to about 1.5 inches The heart, brain, lungs, eyes, arms, and legs have formed – not all of them are fully functional The placenta and umbilical cord are also formed during this time

Second Trimester Months 4-6 of pregnancy The organs continue to develop and movement can be felt by month 4 The heartbeat can be heard The fetus recognized voices and it grows hair and nails By the end of the 2nd trimester the fetus is about 14-15 inches long and about 2 pounds

Third Trimester Months 7-9 of pregnancy The fetus gains most of its weight during this trimester and is able to grasp objects as well as open and close its eyes

Fetus A developing human, from the start of the ninth week of pregnancy until delivery

Fetal Blood and Circulation During fetal period, live and aorta are connected to Placenta via Umbilical Arteries for oxygenation and waste removal

Breech Birth refers to the position of the baby in the uterus such that it will be delivered buttocks first as opposed to the normal head first position.

Birth Process 1. Rupture of Amniotic Sac (Water breaks) 2. Dilation of Cervix 3. Expulsion of fetus 4. Expulsion of placenta

Labor/Natural Birth

Caesarean Birth A caesarean section or c-section, is a form of childbirth in which a surgical incision is made through a mother's abdomen and uterus to deliver one or more babies It is usually performed when a vaginal delivery would put the baby or mothers life at risk, although in the last decade it has been performed upon request.

Vernix Vernix is the waxy or "cheesy" white substance found coating the skin of newborn humans Vernix is composed of sebum (the oil of the skin) and cells that have sloughed off the fetus' skin.

Fontanelle Fontanelles are soft spots on a baby's head which, during birth, enable the soft bony plates of the skull to flex, allowing the head to pass through the birth canal Fontanelles are usually completely hardened when child is 2