THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Chapter 10, Section 1

New Ways to Produce Goods Industrial Revolution: a revolution in the war goods were produced Before most goods were made by hand at home or in workshops Most people were farmers or lived in rural areas

With the Industrial revolution  Machines began to replace hand tools  New sources of power such as steam and electricity replaced human and animal power  Economy shifted from farming to manufacturing  People moved from farms to cities

New technology The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the mid 1700’s  Inventors developed new technology that changed the textile industry

New technology Spinning jenny: invented by James Hargreaves, a worker could spin several threads a t once- not just one thread at a time 1769 Richard Arkwright invented the water frame which could hold 100 spindles of thread and was powered by water 1780’s Edmund Cartwright built a loom powered by water. A worker could produce 200 times more cloth a day An American, Eli Whitney, in 1793 invented the cotton gin: a machine that speeded up the process of cleaning cotton fibers

Birth of the factory Machines had to be set up near rivers. Water flowing downstream or over a Waterfall produced power to run the machines Capitalists: people with capital, or money, to invest in business to make a profit Factory system: brought workers and machines together to produce goods. Everyone had to work a certain number of hours and got paid daily or weekly wages

A Secret Crosses the Atlantic Britain tried to keep its inventions secret. It forbade anyone to plans of Arkwright’s water frame out of the country and forbade factory workers from leaving Britain

Samuel Slater’s memory Slater decided to leave England when he heard Americans were offering large rewards for plans of British factories To avoid getting caught he memorized the design of the machines in Arkwright’s mill Slater wrote to Moses Brown a Quaker merchant who wanted to build a mill

The First American Mill 1790 Slater and Brown started the first American mill Other American manufactures began building ills using Slater’s ideas