1. The Industrial Revolution
Chapter 11 Section 1
The Industrial Revolution

2. What is the Industrial Revolution?
It was a long slow process which completely changed the way goods were produced.

3. The Industrial Revolution Begins
The Industrial Revolution started in Britain in the mid-1700’s
In 1764, James Hargreaves developed the spinning jenny.
The spinning jenny could spin several threads at one time.
Richard Arkwright invented a machine that could spin 100 spindles of thread.
It required water power to turn the wheels
In 1780 Edmund Cartwright built a loom powered by water. They could now produce 200 times as much cloth

4. The Industrial Revolution Begins
See page 295 in your textbook
Capitalist is a person who invests in a business in order to make a profit
The new factory system brought workers and machinery together in one place to produce goods

5. Revolution Crosses the Atlantic
Samuel Slater worked in Arkwright’s mill
He knew the United States was offering rewards for British plans.
He memorized Arkwright’s designs and traveled to the United States.

6. Revolution Crosses the Atlantic
Moses Brown a Quaker merchant and Samuel Slater decided to open the first mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island

7. Lowell, Massachusetts: A Model Factory Town
Francis Cabot Lowell a Boston merchant, found a way to improve on British textile mills
Lowell joined with several partners to form the Boston Associates. They built a textile factory in Waltham, Massachusetts
The “Lowell Girls” usually worked a few years in the mills before they went home to marry

8. Impact of Daily Life Mill owners mostly hired women and children
They could pay women and children half of what they would have to pay a man
Working hours in the mills were long 12 hours a day and 6 days a week

9. Interchangeable Parts
Eli Whitney was an American inventor
He wanted to speed up gun making
He came up with the idea for interchangeable parts
Ex: one trigger would be identical to another

10. Growing Cites
The movement of populations from farms to cities is called urbanization
The city had many hazards
Dirt and gravel streets turned into mud holes when it rained
Cities had no sewers and people threw their garbage into the streets
Disease spread quickly
Fire also posed a threat in cites