Recap: Chapter 3 of America’s History

Big Idea How did the South Atlantic system create an interconnected Atlantic World, and how did this system impact development in the British colonies?

Before 1660, England governed haphazardly. This changed after the Restoration period in 1660 with Charles II. Tighter control and expansion of power New settlements: NY, PA, NJ, Carolinas Proprietorships

Carolinas Envisioned as manorial system, but ultimately failed to and relied heavily on slaves instead. In SC, primary crop was rice.

Pennsylvania William Penn Quaker colony “inner light” Ethnically diverse and religiously tolerant

Navigation Acts Mercantilism Initially designed to cut off trade from French and Dutch Ex. They could only export sugar and tobacco to England. Encouraged smuggling

Dominion of New England James II, 1686 Wanted tighter control over the colonies Merged Connecticut, RI, Mass. Bay, Plymouth, and later NY and NJ Unpopular

Glorious Revolution 1688 William and Mary take throne from James II Signed English Bill of Rights Major step toward democracy in England and colonies William and Mary broke up Dominion of NE, but Mass. Bay, Plymouth and Maine stayed merged.

Era of self-government begins Salutary neglect-colonies enjoy signif. Degree of autonomy Strengthening the powers of their rep. assemblies

Tribalization-natives reorganizing South Atlantic system-produces sugar, tobacco, and rice for international trade Drove expansion of slavery Sugar the primary product Middle Passage

Slavery in Chesapeake “Tobacco Revolution” Rigid class structure modeled after English aristocracy Gentry encouraged small farmers to own slaves Bought slaves from different backgrounds to prevent organizing.

Slavery in SC Much more oppressive conditions Slaves outnumbered whites Stono Rebellion Led to reduction of slave imports and tighter discipline

Mercantilism Another aspect of mercantilism was taxes on imports Britain wants favorable balance of trade! Colonists resent this and resort to smuggling