1. The 13 Colonies and the British Empire 1607-1750
Chapter 2
The 13 Colonies
and the British Empire

2. Development of Colonies

3. CHESAPEAKE
COLONIES

4. Chesapeake Colonies: Maryland:
King Charles I granted proprietorships to Lord Baltimore (Cecil Calvert)
Act of Toleration: religious freedom to all Christians; those who denied divinity of Jesus were sent to death.
Act was repealed when Protestants revolted; Catholics lost rights.

5. Virginia: Economic problems: low tobacco prices over production
London merchants rose their prices on goods exported to Virginia
Political Problems:
Sir William Berkeley acted like dictator & favored large planters
Bacon’s Rebellion: led a series of raids against Indian villages
Lasting problems: sharp class differences and resistance to royal control

6. Labor Shortages:
Indentured servants: people from British Isles worked for a master for a pd. of time in exchange for payment of passage.
Headright system: 50 acres of land for those who paid for own passage or masters who paid for immigrant’s passage
Slavery: Africans brought to Virginia; House of Burgesses enacted laws of discrimination

7. Development of
New England
Colonies

8. Development of New England : Rhode Island
Roger Williams: banished from Bay Colony, fled to Narragansett Bay, founded Providence and first Baptist Church
He respected rights of Native Americans
Complete religious toleration for Catholics, Quakers, Jews
Anne Hutchison: banished from Bay colony, believed in antinomianism, founded Portsmouth

9. Connecticut:
Thomas Hooker founded Hartfort
Fundamental Orders of Ct: representative gov’t,
south of Hartford=New Haven
Founded by John Davenport
New Haven and Hartfort formed Ct.
Limited degree of self-gov’t
New Hampshire:
Last colony in New England
Originally part of MA Bay
Charles II separated New Hampshire and made it a royal colony

10. New England Confederation: Plymouth, MA Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven formed military alliance to solve boundary disputes, return runaway slaves, and deal with Indians.
King Philip‘s War: chief of Wampanoags named Metacom (King Philip) fought against settlers. Colonial forces prevailed.

11. Restoration Colonies:
South Carolina:
Economy based on trading furs, and giving food to West Indies
Large rice plantations
North Carolina:
Small tobacco farms
Few good harbors and few large plantations

13. New York
Charles II granted Duke of York (James II) land btwn. CT and Delaware Bay
James took control of land from Dutch Peter Stuyvesant
James ordered no taxes, duties, rents w/o a representative assembly =strong opposition
New Jersey
James gave section of NY to Berkeley and Carteret between Hudson and Delaware Rivers
Generous land offers, religious freedom, assembly

14. Pennsylvania
Quakers- members of Religious Society of Friends
William Penn-granted land for a debt owed to his father
Holy Experiment
Frame of Government
Charter of Liberties
Delaware
Lower county of PA
Became separate colony with same governor as PA’s until American Revolution
Georgia:
Last colony
Served as buffer between South Carolina and Spanish Florida
Home for those imprisoned for debt
James Oglethorpe made strict rules (no rum nor slavery)
Colony soon became royal

15. Mercantilism: Europe looked upon trade, colonies, and accumulation of wealth as basis for country’s military/political strength.
Navigation Acts:
1. Trade to and from colonies carried only by English or colonial built ships
2. All imported goods could only pass through ports in England
3. Enumerated goods could only be exported to England
**The acts were poorly enforced SMUGGLING!!!

16. MERCANTILISM

17. BRIEF EXPERIMENT: DOMINION OF NEW ENGLAND
James II tried to increase royal control in colonies
He sent Sir Edmund Andros to combine NY, NJ, and other New England colonies into dominion
Levied taxes, limited town meetings, revoked land titles
Dominion was ended with Glorious Revolution

18. Institution of Slavery: Triangular Trade:
Slavery became
important because:
reduced migration
need for dependable work force
need for cheap labor
Triangular Trade:

19. TRIANGULAR TRADE