1. The British
Atlantic World
Chapter 3

2. Colonies to Empire
The Restoration Colonies & Imperial Expansion
Proprietorship- royal grant of land given to an individual by the English Crown. Could rule as they wished, as long as it was within English laws.
The Carolinas established a strict racial hierarchy
Focused on growing rice.

3. Colonies to Empire 1660-1713 William Penn & Pennsylvania
Believed in an “inner light,” Pacifists, no paid clergy
Paid Native Americans for their land
“holy experiment” – toleration of many religious groups
All could attain salvation, did not favor predestination
Women had many rights in church- could become preachers, speak publicly, etc.

4. Quaker Meeting

5. William Penn Treaty with Native Americans

6. Colonies to Empire 1660-1713 From Mercantilism to Imperial Dominion
Navigation Acts
Laws passed by England that required all goods to be carried on English or Colonial Ships
Colonists could NOT trade with other countries- colonists began SMUGGLING GOODS
The Dominion of New England – combined Massachusetts w/ the rest of New England & later New Jersey & New York
Assemblies were eliminated and a new governor was appointed- Sir Edmund Andros (big jerk)
The Dominion was met with resistance and ended w/ “Glorious Revolution” in England (Edmund flees in drag)

7. Colonies to Empire 1660-1713 The Glorious Revolution & America
James II is overthrown, William & Mary installed as joint rulers
Declaration of Rights – established a constitutional monarchy that limited the power of the monarchy
Same time in America – Rebellions
Leister’s Rebellion:
Rebelled against the Dominion of New England
Was crushed (hanged & decapitated)
Shows tensions between the lower class & wealthy

8. Imperial Wars & Natives
Tribalization
Native Americans were forced to demands of Europeans
Iroquois used the French & English against each other
Iroquois sought to remain neutral in conflicts between the two powers

9. The Imperial Slave Economy
The South Atlantic System
Trade between the Caribbean, Brazil, and Africa
England & the West Indies:
Barbados became a major producer using slave labor
Fear was a significant force in slave labor
Sugar was the most profitable crop
The Impact on Britain:
England gained tremendous wealth through the South Atlantic System & Navigation Acts

10. The Imperial Slave Economy
Africa, Africans, and the Slave Trade:
Africans & the Slave Trade:
West Africa became a major player in the slave trade
2/3 of slaves were men
Many African men practiced Polygamy
The Middle Passage & Beyond
Middle Passage – Slave voyage from Africa to the Americas
Horrific conditions, many died on the ship
10hr days, brutal heat, mental & physical abuse, even sexual exploitation

11. The Middle Passage

12. The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

13. Imperial Slave Economy
Slavery in the Chesapeake & S. Carolina
1740, slaves made up 40% of the population in Chesapeake
What caused this increase after 1676? “BACON”
Slaves were defined by race; slave owners could not be charged with a crime if they killed their slaves
Slavery was more arduous in the Caribbean raising sugar (tons of Disease)
S. Carolina raised mostly rice, similar conditions to sugar plantations

14. Imperial Slave Economy
An Africa Community Emerges
The Plantation owners purposely brought slaves from different areas of Africa-
Building Community
Blend of both African American cultures
Religions, music, etc.
Resistance & Accomodations
Slaves resistance mostly took the form of working slowly, faking illness, breaking tools, and running away

15. Imperial Slave Economy
The Stono Rebellion (1739)
Many slaves revolted and killed whites and tried to flee to Spanish Florida..
Result---- stricter fugitive slave laws
The Rise of the Southern Gentry (high social class)
Wealthy plantation owners had lots of power
Hoped to prevent another Bacon’s rebellion by lowering taxes, encouraged small farmers to own slaves
Even some small farmers could vote

16. The Northern Maritime Economy
Trade increased contact & reliance between New England & West Indies
Urban Economy
Molasses from W. Indies was turned into rum in New England
The New England fishing industry sold fish to Europe
A major shipbuilding industry emerged in New England – 1/3 of British fleet made in N.E.

17. The Northern Maritime Economy
Urban Society:
Merchant elites controlled a sizable portion of trade in New England
Artisans made up 50% of society
Indentured servants and slaves worked on docks
Children were often forced to work to provide for their families

18. The New Politics of Empire, 1713-1750
The Rise of Colonial Assemblies
Only white, property-owning males could vote
Many assemblies limited the power of the royally appointed governor.
Elite families dominated politics; many members of one family would serve on legislatures
Crowds would often protest colonial acts deemed unpopular

19. The New Politics of Empire, 1713-1750
Salutary Neglect: KNOW THIS
Coined by philosopher Edmund Burke
Essentially, England left the colonies alone, as long as they were profitable
Ends in 1763, with the end of the 7 years war.
Wars COST LOTS of Money

20. The New Politics of Empire, 1713-1750
Protecting the Mercantile System:
Georgia was established as a “buffer” colony between S. Carolina, and Spanish Florida
War of Jenkin’s Ear- fought over land disputes between the Spanish and Britain

21. Georgia--The “Buffer” Colony

22. The Trustees of Georgia [1734]

23. The New Politics of Empire, 1713-1750
Mercantilism & the American Colonies
American colonists began to control more of the Atlantic trade- large increase in wealth
Molasses Act (1733) – placed high tariff on French molasses
Britain discouraged trade with other countries, but colonists just SMUGGLED goods
Currency Act (1751) – first of two acts
Colonies only could pay in gold and silver (NO PAPER MONEY)

24. The Recap Pennsylvania & the Holy Experiment Navigation Acts
Transatlantic trade increased demand for sugar & slaves
Comparing slavery in the Chesapeake with S. Carolina and West Indies
Stono Rebellion led to stricter slave laws
Salutary Neglect
Most conflicts between countries over LAND