Midterm Review Reading Dec. 2013

Text Features - features in texts to help organize information to help the reader understand it better. Index – Back of book – Alphabetical order – Find specific information Glossary – Back of book – Alphabetical order – Define vocabulary words Table of Contents – Front of book – Information regarding major units in book Foot notes – Bottom of page – Additional information regarding something or someone discussed in text Caption – Describes a photograph – Located with/around the photograph Title – What selection is mainly about

Other Text Features Textual features Graphic Features Bold lettering photos Italics drawings Headings/subheadings illustrations diagrams graphs/charts borders icons

Text Structure - the way the writing is organized/structured so that it can be easily understood. Chronological Order/Sequence – Date – Time – Order of events Cause & Effect – Effect: What happened (result) – Cause: Reason something happened (Why) Problem & Solution -problems, attempts to solve, and the solution Compare & Contrast – Similarities and differences Decription – A portrait, in words, of a person, place, or object; uses images that appeals to the 5 senses.

Theme The life lesson a reader learns from a passage. – You may lose what you have if you become too greedy. – Friends make hard work easier. – Treat others the way you would like to be treated. – Moral- a lesson that is directly stated at the end of the story as in fables.

Vocabulary in context Look at sentences and the subject before and after Look after it to see if defined Look for words they use as synonyms around it Dissect the parts of the words: root, prefix, suffix

Root Words -the smallest part of a word that is a word. Extendere: to stretch What means “to extend”? – Get rid of, to stretch, to place, to search out Facere: to make What means “to make”? – Facial, faculty, factory, faking

Types of Conflict Internal – Man vs. Self External – Man vs. Man – Man vs. Society – Man vs. Nature

Stages of Plot Exposition – Introduction/Exposing of Characters and Setting – (time and place) Rising Action – Events and complications leading up to the story climax – Conflict is the struggle between the main character and an opposing force. Climax – Turning point of the story; highest point of conflict; conflict is resolved Falling Action – Events that are a result of the climax Resolution – The end of the story; conclusion

Label a Plot Diagram

Setting Time Place Date

Author’s Purpose -the reason for writing Inform – Facts, information – Ex: nonfiction travel writing, textbooks, articles, resources such as encyclopedias, dictionaries, thesaurus Persuade – Emotional language – Writing that attempts to change the way others to think or act – Ex: newspaper editorial, speeches, essays Entertain -All stories are for entertainment: fiction; life stories – Humorous story – Interesting characters & situations Give Directions – Technical language – Ex: instruction manual, cook book

Primary Source A first person account where the writer experienced the event they are writing about. – Autobiography – Memoir – Anecdote – Photograph

Secondary Source If/when an author uses other documents or sources in order to assist in their writing. – Biography – Textbook – Encyclopedia – Most internet sites

Main Idea Most important point that the entire writing is about and is supported by details and examples.

Mood/Tone Tone – The feeling or attitude of the writer/author – Ex: mysterious, serious, humorous, sarcastic Mood – The feeling or atmosphere that a work creates for a reader – Ex: suspense, happy, sad, peaceful, hopeful Usually the mood and tone are similar, but do not have to be; they can be very different. Occasionally, if the author does a poor job or the reader has had a different experience, the mood and tone can be very different. Mood of a story is created mostly through use of imagery and setting.

Foreshadowing A literary device where an author hints toward future events in a story. – Ex:

Flashback When a story moves from present day to an event that happens in the past. – Ex: In Anne Frank: a diary of a young girl, the story begins after the war with Mr. Frank going back to visit the hiding place. He finds Anne’s diary, begins reading it and the story flashes back to when the family first goes into hiding.

Point of View 1 st Person: a character in the story is telling the story from their point of view. – I, me, we, our, us 3 rd Person: someone outside of the sotry is telling the story; a narrator. – He, she, they, them their – Omniscient: knows all characters’ thoughts/feelings – Limited: Knows one character’s thoughts/feelings

Testing Strategies Read questions before reading long passages to focus your thoughts. Be careful choosing answers with “absolute” words: always, never, all, none Read the questions carefully/double check after choosing answer Read all answers