Chapter 11 Packet Review

Section 1 Note three motives behind the European race for colonies. Economic * New Markets and raw materials needed to produce more goods National Pride Racism Missionaries Note two technological advantages Europeans had over the Africans. Superior weapons Railroads & Steamships Cables for communication (Morse Code) Medicine for protection against malaria

3. Note two factors within Africa that made it vulnerable to European conquest. 1. Great Diversity of language and cultures 2. Ethnic rivalries 3. Low level of technology Note two outcomes of the Berlin Conference in 1884 and 1885. Fourteen European nations divided Africa among themselves Transformed the way of life for the Africans

5. Note three groups that clashed over territory and resources in South Africa. Zulus Boers (Dutch) British 6. Note one outcome of the Boer War. Creation of self-governing union of South Africa which was controlled by Britain

Section 2 How did the British control Nigeria and other British colonies? Allowed existing political rulers to govern under British authority. Local officials managed daily affairs 2. What Method of management did the French use with their colonies? Direct control through policies of paternalism & assimilation 3. How did Algeria’s resistance to French rule differ from the East African’s resistance to German rule? Algeria used active resistance East Africa used spiritual defense

He then declared war & defeated the Italians at the Battle of Adowa 4. Why was Ethiopia able to successfully resist European rule? Menelik II took advantage of the European rivalries to build up an arsenal. He then declared war & defeated the Italians at the Battle of Adowa 5. How did Africans benefit from colonial rule? Reduced local warfare Improved education, sanitation, transportation, & communication African products became valuable internationally What were the negative consequences of colonial rule for the African continent? Death from European diseases Loss of property, family, famine Loss of traditional way of life Political divisions led to war

Section 3 Death of Suleyman I - * Succession of weak rulers. * division into factions, corruption, economic & technological decline 2. Rise of Nationalism - *Inspired Greeks, Serbs, & other Ottoman groups to fight for self rule. 3. Geopolitics - * World powers formed alliances or caused war to gain control of Ottoman Empire because of its location.

5. Discovery of oil in Persia - 4. Construction of the Suez Canal - *Egypt had financial problems & couldn’t pay debt. Britain took over payments & by 1882 they occupied the country. 5. Discovery of oil in Persia - *Persia allowed European businesses to develop, rebellion followed & Britain & Russia divided Persia into spheres of influence B. Describe the policies of European nations used to gain control of Muslim lands. *Created spheres of influence & practiced economic imperialism

Section 4 1. Troops led by Robert Clive defeated Indian forces at the Battle of Plassey after Mughal rule became weak. East India Company gains control of India 2. British establish a railroad network in India. India developed a modern economy & was geographically unified RR transported raw products from interior to ports & manufactured goods from ports to interior. India became more profitable for Britain 3. British restricted Indian owed industries such as cotton textiles & reduced food production in favor of cash crops. Villagers are no longer self-sufficient; food production declines and famine sets in

4. The Sepoy Mutiny occurs and uprising spread over much of northern India. British gov’t assumed direct control of India Racism & mutual distrust were intensified 5. Calls by reformers for India to modernize, nationalist feelings, resentment over British discriminatory policies Indians form Indian National Congress and then the Muslim League, which eventually call for self-government 6. British partition Bengal into Hindu and Muslim sections. Acts of terrorism forced British to divide province

Section 5 DUTCH EAST INDIA CO. BRITISH FRENCH AMERICANS Lands Claimed Malacca, Java, Sumatra, Part of Borneo, Bali, Celebes, the Moluccas, & all of Indonesia Maylay Peninsula & Burma Vietnam, Laos, & Cambodia Guam, Philippine Islands, Puerto Rico, & Hawaii Major Products - Oil, tin, & rubber Immigration Policy Encouraged Chinese to immigrate to Malaysia Method of Management Direct colonial management Some preparation for colonial self-rule Impact of Colonization Creation of rigid social class Radical conflict b/t Malay minority & Chinese immigrant majority Decline of local industries, less food for peasants Economic exploitation Modernization of transportation, health & education systems