 What is an absolute ruler?  Who ruled while Louis XIV was a boy?  How was Russia different than the rest of Europe?  What was the result of Peter’s Grand Embassy?

Oct. 15, 2015  Warm Up  Notes/discussion over The English Civil War  Absolutism and English Civil War Test Oct. 21/22  Turn in projects  HW: Make sure you are looking over your vocab. and notes.

Students will be able to:  Understand and analyze events leading to, surrounding, and post- English Civil War  Identify the characteristics of Absolutism  Analyze the cause and effects of absolutism

ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

Where did we leave off…?  Cousin of Elizabeth I  Became king 1603 – England and Scotland  Issue of how much power Parliament has in governing  Believed he had absolute authority – didn’t try to win Parliament  A Calvinist and refused to pass Puritan reforms  Always needed money – always at war with France and Spain  Dissolved Parliament when they refused to fund him  Called Parliament again in they refused to fund him until he signed the Petition of Right James I (James Stuart)Charles I

Charles I & Parliament  Petition of Right  Would not imprison without due cause  Not levy taxes without Parliament’s consent  Would not house soldiers in private homes  Would not imprison martial law in peace  Aftermath  Charles ignored it…  Set forth the idea that the law was higher than the king  1629 dissolved Parliament and refused to put them back in session  Imposed fines and fees

Charles Decreasing Popularity  Offended Puritans by upholding Church rituals and a formal prayer book  Tried to force Presbyterians to adopt the Anglican prayerbook  Scots rebelled and threatened to attack  Forced Charles to call Parliament – gave them the chance to oppose him

Parliament v. Charles  Parliament passed laws to limit royal power 1641  Charles tried to arrest Parliamentary leaders Jan but they escaped  A mob formed outside the palace in London

Discuss the following:  What type of ruler was Elizabeth I?  Did the others follow her example?  Why did Charles think he had the right to ignore Parliament?  Why was Charles forced to call Parliament?

English Civil War  Supporters of King Charles v. His opponents  Royalists or Cavaliers – those loyal to Charles  Roundheads- Supporters of Parliament  Neither side gained an advantage by 1644  Puritan Roundheads gained a general – Oliver Cromwell  1646 Cromwell’s New Model Army defeated cavaliers  By the next year- Roundheads held king prisoner  1649: Cromwell tried king for treason and sentenced to death  Executed him…First time a monarch had been executed

Discuss the following: What were the names of the 2 sides during the English Civil War? What was significant about Charles’ execution?

Cromwell’s Reign  1649 Abolished monarchy and House of Lords  Established a commonwealth- a republican form of government  Had John Lambert draft a constitution – first one of any modern European state  Eventually Cromwell ruled as a dictator  Put down rebellion in Ireland – famine, plague, and war killed 616,000 Irish  Reformed society in England with the Puritans  Abolished activities they found sinful- going to the theater  Favored religious toleration  Ruled until his death

Discuss the following:  Did the people seem happy about Cromwell’s reign?  Why or why not?

The Restoration of Charles II  Restored the monarchy in greeted by crowds  Restored theaters, sporting events, dancing  Arts flourished – women even got to play female roles  Parliament passed habeas corpus- guarantee of freedom

Discuss the following:  How did things change when Charles II took over?

Habeas Corpus  Guaranteed prisoners written documentation that they had the right to go before a judge (Fair Trial)  People could not be imprisoned indefinitely

Charles II (continued)  Parliament debated who should inherit the throne  Heir was his brother James (Catholic)  Whigs – opposed James  Tories – supported James  Formed the first political parties  Charles died 1685

James II  Offended subjects by flaunting Catholicism  Appointed several Catholics to high office  Parliament protested and he dissolved it  1688 Wife gave birth to a son

Discuss the following:  The Whigs and Tories formed the foundation of what?  Why did the birth of a son bother Parliament?

Glorious Revolution  Had a daughter Mary who was Protestant and married to William of Orange (Prince of the Netherlands)  Parliament invited them to overthrow James  William led an army, but James fled to France  Bloodless overthrow – Glorious Revolution

Political Changes  William & Mary recognized Parliament as their partner in governing (absolute monarchy  constitutional monarchy)  English Bill of Rights 1689: listed what a ruler cannot do  No suspending Parliament’s laws  No taxing without Parliament’s permission  No interfering with Parliament’s freedom of speech  No penalty for petitioning the king  Parliament and Monarch needed to agree  Cabinet formed that ruled with king but with Parliament’s interests in mind – link between the ruler and Parliament

Discuss the following:  Why is this known as “glorious”?  What 3 major political changes occurred?